Correctional Facilities in The United States Essay

Throughout United States correctional history, it has been heavily debated as to whether or not prisons have positive effects on inmates and society. Today, many prisons attempt to have a positive impact on the lives of the inmates, while giving society the satisfaction on punishing criminals. The correctional system achieves this goal through the use of four techniques. The four techniques used by the correctional system include rehabilitation, deterrence, incapacitation, and retribution. These four methods work individually as well as collectively to produce felons who can be productive citizens of society. Firstly, one main, effective method used by correctional facilities today is rehabilitation. Prisons aim of rehabilitation is to†¦show more content†¦(Cei) The effects of rehabilitation programs are influential to other inmates as well. In â€Å"A Pleas For Help† an uneducated inmate realized that the effects would help him to never return to prison. The inmate w as quoted saying, â€Å"Please give me some education, or a trade, because I don’t want to come back to prison.† (Cei) This show the positive effects of such programs will give this inmate a chance to be productive in society. Correctional facilities use a wide range of programs to effectively rehabilitate inmates. There are two categories for correctional programs, one category is habilitative services, and the other is treatment programs. Habilitative services aim to teach inmates basic skills needed for a productive life in society. These skills include education classes on reading and writing, vocational training, religious programs, and life skill development. Education programs are the most effective in prison because they help reduce recidivism by encouraging self-discipline, and promoting a sense of investment that discourages criminality. Also, recidivism is reduced through academic programs by increasing an offender’s post release earnings and job secu rity. (Quinn 249) All federal prisons, and 91% of states prisons offer educational programs. This is significant because having the ability to read and write and essential for daily tasks in everyday life. If inmates are determined enough to become productive citizens, prisons also offer GED preparationShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Prison Facilities On The United States Correctional Facilities1518 Words   |  7 PagesCorrectional facilities have been gradually changing over time. The introduction of education is one of the advantages that come from the modern day prisons. Many prisoners are now able to read and earn educational accolades which in prison. Such people as this paper has found out fit better after their jail term in the society. There are thus programs set aside in order to help prisoners gain special skills which help them to secure jobs after their sentence. Those who gain these skills in prisonRead MoreCorrectional Facilities in the United States: An Increasing Co ncern669 Words   |  3 PagesIn attempting to discern likely trends in the burgeoning area of correctional facilities, it is necessary to gauge current trends and measures of policy that are designed to account for them. Some of the most salient factors that become clear when one looks at the contemporary state of correctional facilities within the United States are that there are increasingly high numbers of people in prison (approximately 700 inmates for every 100,000 people which puts the total number of inmates in AmericaRead MoreCorrectional Facilities And The Correctional Facility1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The correctional facilities in the United States of America are composed of operators that own or manage correctional facilities and halfway houses. Correctional facilities serve to confine and rehabilitate prisoners and may be classified as minimum, medium or maximum security facilities. The prisoners contained in the facilities may participate in educational and vocational programs as well as in paid programs or work release programs through the industry. Correctional facilities are subjectRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Correctional System1483 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Correctional System Nicholas Russo CJC 3010 10/20/2014 Throughout history, there has been many different methods for corrections. Looking back over time, you can see how the correctional system has evolved from the harsh, brutal, inhumane ways of the 16th century, to the rehabilitation methods of today. In the correctional system, there are different types of correctional facilities, various custody levels, and a time where it all started. The United States correctional systemRead MoreCorrectional Officers Vs. Prison Guards1372 Words   |  6 PagesCorrectional officers or prison guards: these classifications are used to identify those in authority in institutions throughout the world. Correctional institutions in the United States are formulated on fairness and productivity, and the administrators within the institutions are held at the highest responsibility to see fit the safety and wellness of inmates during their time of rehabilitation. However, with the vast exposure of insubordination overtime, prison guards are being targeted as theRead MoreThe Difference Between Male And Female Penal Institutions754 Words   |  4 Pagesinstitutions Review of Subject Prison classification is an important process in the U.S. correctional system and community corrections. Every state utilizes different types of classification instruments or methods to classify their inmates. Penal institutions in the U.S. have evolved tremendously in terms of procedures, decisions and classification. Studies from Clear et al. (2013) indicate that offenders in the United States, which consisted of men, women, and children, were all confined together in theRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System And The United States Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pages17th Century. The Criminal Justice System first began in the United States during the colonial times, when the colonist had to follow the rules of the British. During the Colonial times, the Criminal Justices System was not as fair as our current system is today, which meant a lot of people did not have liberties and were ultimately treated unfairly. Times have definitely changed for the Criminal Justice System and for the Un ited States. We now have several documents giving citizens’ rights to beRead More The Importance of Diagnosing and Treating Inmates With Mental Illness 1497 Words   |  6 Pagesdeinstitutionalization, where patients in mental facilities were reintroduced into society. This action was sparked by the introduction of antipsychotic drugs and the lack of funding to house and maintain mentally ill patients. This was to help not only the financial restraints of the government but to help each of the patients within the facilities by giving them the ability to live a fulfilling life without confinement. In the last few decades changes in the United States judicial system such as mandatory prisonRead MorePrivatization of American Prisons1661 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: In America today, there is a trend in corrections of taking the duty of running prisons out of the hands of state and federal authorities and contracting it out to private organizations. Along with the drift to privatization is a plethora of research pertaining to the subject taking many different approaches to analyzing the effectiveness. The majority of research focuses on one of three areas. The first questioning whether or not it is cost effective to make the switch. The secondRead MoreThe Case Of Correctional Officers1653 Words   |  7 Pagesme out! Let me out! I do not belong here,† says the predator in the cell. This is something correctional officers hear often. During duty they have many responsibilities and tasks they have to accomplish. The officer has to get everything done while being careful and not jeopardizing their safety. They run under a lot of stress trying to keep these criminals locked up and away from the civilians. Correctional officers put their life on the line in order to protect civilians and keep predators behind

U.s. Constitution And Government Policies - 1258 Words

There are more than 310 million people in the United States according to the most recent census. With a population as vast as the United States, this results in various viewpoints on government and politics, including conflicting viewpoints on key issues like immigration, war, and education. At the end of the day, even though the American people give power to what president will run our country, this can still result in the people becoming livid at the President’s use of that given power. In the case of President Obama, who was elected back in 2008 and 2012, during his time in office he has utilized the powers given to him by the U.S. Constitution, including military, executive, and legislative powers in many ways, including various†¦show more content†¦Obama used his legislative power after the he fall of 2008 when a financial crisis of a scale and severity not seen in generations left millions of Americans unemployed and resulted in trillions in lost wealth. To make sure that the economic crisis of 2008 did not happen again, Obama attempted to develop a policy that would hold Wall Street accountable and protect American families from unfair, abusive financial practices. President Obama signed a policy using his legislative power, known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protect Act. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protect Act was signed to prevent the excessive risk-taking that can led to the financial crisis. The law also provides common-sense protections for American families,

Homo Superior Essay Example For Students

Homo Superior? Essay War of the Worlds by H.G. WellsHomo-Superior?War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells is a fiction story written about war and mankind’s coming of age. It is also a philosophical novel with many deep meanings underlying the shallow looking one-hundred-eighty-eight page book. The subject of this novel is Science Fiction and there are not many that can even compete with Wells in terms of how superior his word descriptions are. He simply does wonders with the imagination of the reader. Obviously the whole book is about the struggle mankind faces, but it is not always with aliens, they are actually more of a good way to represent what Wells really believed. He believed man is dominant, yet should remember how big the universe is and that the possibility of life far more intelligent than ours is very great. The narrator, who is also the main character tells War of the Worlds in first person. He describes everything from the man’s denial, to the invasion, the battles, and the aftermath. In the beginning he discusses the possibility of other life forms existing. When the aliens invade they do not communicate, just organize and destroy all resistance and population centers. The author journeys along all of England fleeing the invaders and always being updated from various people about the news. The climax comes when he walks into a town to find all the aliens dead from bacteria, and the denouement is when he finds his wife. The movie â€Å"Independence Day† is the best way to describe this story to someone who has never read the book before. The two are strikingly similar. In both the aliens invade without warning and destroy everything with their superior technology. People know about the aliens before they arrive ahead of time in each story, but do nothing because of denial and public hysteria. The study and autopsy of aliens are described in the two. There are differences though. There are no heroes in the book, but in the movie there are. Our technology is useless in the book and in the movie it wins it for us. In a sense the endings are the same because a computer virus is what causes the aliens’ shields to go down in the movie and biological viruses kill the aliens in the book. Still when I think about it, â€Å"Independence Day† is the best way to modernize the story. Pre World War One England is the setting for the story. It fits nicely, for if the humans were more advanced; the alien technology would not have smashed them, and actually might have been smashed by technology from that of even World War Two days. In this case the setting is perfect on account of the humans having a small sense of hope in their machinery, but not enough technology to really compete. Characters are not a big part of this book. The main one, who never reveals his name, is the only one who in fact does not always go with the craziness of the public. He does have his moments of running away screaming and hiding, but he learns more about himself, mankind, and the aliens than anyone else in the book. He has loved ones in England and hates the aliens for what they do to his home, yet he understands what the aliens are trying to do. First person is a good way to write this kind of book because the reader knows exactly what a regular Joe would be thinking at a time like this . Another reason Wells is such a great author. Other characters are the aliens, who seem to be ugly heads that talk with their minds. The physical characteristics they possess are far different from humans and they never communicate with the humans. The last character worthy of note is the artillery man the main character meets towards the end of the book. The two seem to agree on the way things will work out, and both would rather live than die fighting. They play many games together, eat and talk and even spend the night out in the English countryside together. Without this man, the book does not exist and there is no story. If the book were a laboratory he would be the scientist that keeps everything going. .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 , .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 .postImageUrl , .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 , .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1:hover , .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1:visited , .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1:active { border:0!important; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1:active , .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1 .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc4d5ea620758847e87cd797170f1fb1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: VA Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System EssayMy favorite part of the book is the beginning when some of the town’s people decide to get brave and wave a flag at the aliens. How dumb can you be? Everyone knows what is going to happen to him or her before it even happens! It shows the predictability of the humans and the writer. Herbert George Wells was a writer at heart and at an early age would read books in the library of a house that his mother would housekeep for. When his father’s business failed he was basically sold (apprenticed) to another part of England. This causes him to create his first work known as KIPPS. The character goes through what he went through and he has very pessimistic views on the upper class society. His next opportunity to write came to him as a teacher. He had many lovers and affairs throughout his life that must have given rise to all his hostile points in his books. As an author, I have much respect for him. As a person, I don’t think we would get along too well together. His outlook on life is too narrow for me. I loved his book and how short and strident the sentences were. He views are just too sour for me. The whole time he bad mouths humans and makes a mockery out of our race. I know we do stupid things, but we have created so much and have so much to live for I find it hard to agree with him on many things. If I were to talk to him, I would not focus on philosophy so as not to argue with him. It would be out of respect for him as an author and his book. He does have a few bright spot; however, the dark ones far exceed the bright ones. War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells is written to teach man of his arrogance and also how bad arrogance can be. Although the fact of where we came from is still disputed to this day, and will be for a while, one thing is clear. Humans are the dominant species on this planet. The only competition we have is from ourselves. The author is trying to tell the reader that the vision of man should not be so small as to think we are superior beings. We only have ourselves to compare to. In the beginning the narrator, who is also the main character (though we never know his name), tells the reader how when the aliens landed and put up their little satellite, the humans tried to respond intelligently. They went about this very unintelligently however and ended up getting roasted for it. If I were the aliens I would be laughing my ass off at the stupid humans. Waving a flag at a thirty-yard distance is seen as an invasion of territory and a possible threat†¦what were the humans thinking?Anothe r arrogant comment that happened was right before the humans get roasted, one of the narrator’s neighbors says, â€Å"What Ugly Brutes!† While he may have been right, look where it got him. Besides, the aliens must have thought the same thing about us. We were primitive in both our society and our technology. We were unorganized and talked using audible sounds. The amazing thing was that the aliens functioned as one, and always were coordinated and organized. When the main character described what the beings looked like, the reader would assuredly be disgusted like the main character was. Yet the main character backed the author’s point of human arrogance very well when he said that these features such as a lack of a digestive system were advantages. Because of this the aliens never died of old age or grew tired. They were able to be productive twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Their bodies we for perfect for their purpose: destroying humans. Wells makes a superb point when he lets the reader know just how close the threat came from. Earth’s nearest planet! All this time we were going about thinking how great we were and that we were the only ones around and then boom! The aliens swoop out of nowhere and destroy everything with their pinky fingers! Wells was probably trying to teach humility amongst other things to t he reader as just seen here. This problem was right under our noses in terms of how close we were and how easy it was for the aliens to invade. Sure, a few people observed lights and things of that sort coming from the areas around Mars, but these were labeled meteors or space rocks. No way could another intelligent form of life, much less one superior to humans, be responsible for this. So while people knew about this, they did nothing. And as the phenomenon grew closer to Earth, more people found out about it, but no one ever thought of extra terrestrials invading. The last important point Wells makes is that humans were stupid in the way that they acted. There was no strategy to anything, because†¦well we didn’t really know what to do. The only strategy that the British had ever needed at this time was the one that the aliens were using. The far superior technology, armor, weaponry and location were what advantages the English always had in the past, so they knew no o ther way. Of course the artillery bombardments, tanks and automatic weaponry had crushed all before, why not now? Still, after all the failed attempts and lives lost in vain, the humans fought on. There were even suicide missions, which brings about the only admirable quality of us in the book. Our drive to live. Throughout the story soldiers talk of how they would rather die fighting than be enslaved to a master race of walking octopuses. That trait is very human indeed, yet to some it seems crazy. Maybe it is, but not to Wells. He wrote of the stupidity and courage of men. He did a great job of doing both. This book is really a classic because so many people know about it and still read it today, and it is over a hundred years old! It reminds me of how the U.S is today. Sure we are the greatest nation on the planet, however we still need to be reminded that we do not control everyone. We should be more humble and that is how the author felt as well. All the time I see on the news how people rebel and complain about stuff. When it comes down to it they don’t do jack! They just want to bitch about how the system cheats them. There were characters in the book like this in the novel too. The most significant thing to me in the whole book, and I’m sure it is to most readers too, is the fact that germs killed the aliens. Not some secret weapon, or a hero, but the every day cold. This really humbles man. In the end there is hope. The hope that man finally understands that he is not so great and how lucky he can be. Hope that we will learn from our mistakes and take them to heart so that if this happens again, we will be ready. So the one question remains, and I leave it up to you†¦are we Homo-Superior?Book Reports

Teddy Roosevelt Essays (4343 words) - Theodore Roosevelt

Teddy Roosevelt Ascension To The White House As Governor of New York, Roosevelt would once again stand on his own and distance himself from the political bosses and machines that got him elected. The head of the Republican machine, Thomas Platt, had misgivings about making Roosevelt governor of New York because of Roosevelt's total independence and his reform nature. But in the gubernatorial race of 1898, with the bad press the Republican Party was receiving, there seemed to be no one else who had a chance. Roosevelt was riding the crest of the wave of being a true war hero, and with Platt's help together they might keep the Democrats from winning the office. Platt in return for his help expected Roosevelt to let him make the appointments and carry the party line. Roosevelt had no intentions of being Platt's puppet, and as soon as he got in office the two would begin to battle. Roosevelt had to be careful, because to totally alienate Platt would cripple his chances to go any further politically or even threaten his chances to b e reelected governor. Roosevelt made his point by declining to appoint Platt's first suggested appointee. After making his point, however, Roosevelt tried to work with the Republican boss to the extent of not abandoning his own principals. Platt for his part could not toss the war hero out on his ear in 1900, but at the same time, he wanted to find a way to gracefully get Roosevelt out of his hair. Platt's opportunity to get rid of Roosevelt came with the approach of the presidential election of 1900. McKinley was discretely looking for a new running mate to replace Hobart in the upcoming election. It was fairly obvious that the Democrats would choose William Jennings Bryan as their candidate of choice again, and McKinley would need a fiery speaking running mate to offset Bryan's oratory abilities. McKinley would simply sit back and look Presidential while his running mate would attack Bryan. Hobart was not a gifted orator, and this decision to replace him became all that much easier when he died just prior to the national Republican convention. Mark Hanna had run McKinley's campaign in 1896 and wanted nothing to do with Roosevelt in 1900. Platt on the other hand saw his opportunity to get rid of Roosevelt at the same time saving face in his own home state of New York. The men of the west deeply distrusted Mark Hanna, and loved Roosevelt, so a vote for Roosevelt would both serv e to promote their hero, while at the same time taking a shot at Hanna. Roosevelt for his part did not want the Vice Presidency, but instead he wished to be reelected as governor of New York. As time went by, it became more and more apparent that Platt did not want Roosevelt to remain in office and that, even if nominated, he would have a tough time being reelected. From Roosevelt's perspective, the governor's job paid much better than that of Vice President, plus the work of governor was more exciting. Roosevelt knew that the position of Vice President was one of obscurity, and judging from history wasn't the best approach to the White House. However, the Vice Presidency was still better than no job at all so when the nomination came he was happy to except it. Platt had arranged things so well, that by the time the convention rolled around, Hanna could do nothing to stop Roosevelt's nomination. Hanna was furious at the convention believing that the rest of the party had gone mad. When someone asked Hanna what was the matter, he retorted, Matter! Matter! Why, everybody's going headlong for Roosevelt for Vice President. Don't any of you realize that there's only one life between that madman and the Presidency? Hanna then threw in the towel and made the nomination of Roosevelt for Vice President unanimous. As the campaign began to wind up, Roosevelt consulted Hanna on what his part should be in the election. Roosevelt was sent west to canvass the men with whom he connected so well. Roosevelt played a successful role in the election, and McKinley won by a bigger majority then he had

Pronouncing the Spanish B and V

Pronouncing the Spanish B and V Although the Spanish b and v arent difficult to pronounce, they are often confusing for beginning Spanish students, who are easily tempted to give them the same sounds as they have in English. How B and V Are Pronounced Alike The most important thing to remember about pronouncing the Spanish b and v is that in standard Spanish they are pronounced exactly alike. Although English makes a clear distinction in how the two letters are pronounced, Spanish does not. For all practical purposes, the b and v can be thought of as the same letter in terms of pronunciation. In fact, is isnt unusual for native Spanish speakers, especially children, to confuse them when spelling, and a few words (such as ceviche or cebiche, a type of seafood dish) can be spelled with either letter. What can make matters somewhat complicated for beginning Spanish students is that each of the letters has two distinct sounds that vary depending on the letters or sounds around them, and both are different from (although similar to) the English sounds. The two sounds are: The hard b or v: This sound is known in phonetics as a voiced stop. It is much like the English b but less explosive.The soft b or v: This sound is the more common of the two and is classified as a voiced bilabial fricative, meaning that a voiced sound that is squeezed between the two lips, forming a kind of buzzing sound. In other words it is much like the English v but with the two lips touching instead of the lower lip and upper teeth. The sound of the English v such as in the word victory does not exist in standard Spanish. The hard b or v is used after pauses, such as at the beginning of a sentence or when a word is standing alone and begins with b or v. It is also used after the m or n sounds, the latter of which can sound much like an m when it comes before a b or v. Some speakers also use the hard b or v after the d in words such as advertencia (warning). See the boldfaced examples in these sentences: Vamos a la playa. (Lets go to the beach. The v comes at the beginning of the sentence.)Queremos terminar el embargo contra el paà ­s. (We want to end embargo against the country. The b comes after an m.)Envolvieron los galletas con film transparente. (They wrapped the cookies in plastic wrap. The n in envolvieron sounds much like an m. Note how the only the first v in envolvieron gets the hard sound.) In other situations, the soft b or v is used. Between vowels it can become extremely soft. La evolucià ³n se estudia en clases de biologia. (Evolution is studied in biology classes. Note how the b in biologà ­a gets the soft sound even though it comes at the beginning of the word. In normal speech, there is no pause between biologà ­a and the preceding word.)Cantabamos en la playa. (We were singing on the beach. The b is pronounced because it comes between two vowels.) ¡Brava! (Excellent!) (The first letter gets the hard sound because its at the beginning of an utterance, but the v is between vowels.) In the word obvio (obvious), the b gets the hard sound, while the v gets the soft sound. When spelling out loud in Spanish, the b is sometimes referred to as be alta, be grande, or be larga in order to distinguish it from the v, usually called uve (which became its official name a few years ago), ve baja, ve chica, or ve corta. The Problem of Homophones Although the Latin b and v were pronounced differently, they gradually merged in Spanish. As a result, some words are spelled differently but have the same pronunciation. Usually the context will make clear which word was meant. Here are the most common such homophones: basta (enough), vasta (vast)bello (beautiful), vello (down of a bird)bienes (property), vienes (conjugated form of venir, to come)rebelarse (to rebel), revelarse (to reveal oneself)baca (luggage rack), vaca (cow)acerbo (bitter), acervo (heritage) Key Takeaways In standard Spanish, the b and v are identical in terms of pronunciation.The b and v are pronounced somewhat like a soft version the English b after a pause and after the m sound.In other situations, the b and v are pronounced somewhat like the English v but with the lips touching each other.

How to Act When Youre Caught Having Sex in College

How to Act When Youre Caught Having Sex in College There are almost limitless scenarios to choose from concerning how to act when you’re caught having sex in college. In order to make this particular article more useful, it’s based on this one: freshmen year roommate walks in on your legendary sexcapade when they should have been at class. How should you react? What’s the proper course of action? What kinds of things should be considered? With forethought and a little bit of planning for the worst, it doesn’t have to be an embarrassing tragedy. Prepared Cover Whenever you have sex in a dorm room be prepared for people to barge in at any time. Have something handy that you can use to shield yourself and your partner from the masses. No matter how wild it gets, know that you could need a blanket at any moment. Consider a Threesome? Let’s explore every option. Assuming the other person is willing, would you be willing to get into a threesome with your roommate? That doesn’t necessarily have to mean any same-sex contact if that’s not your thing. It’s college though and college is a time for sexual exploration. The opportunity may not present itself too many other times in life. However, if this hasn’t been discussed beforehand it could easily scare the crap out of your unsuspecting roomie. Remember, Sex Isn’t That Big of a Deal On any given 24 hour period in any typical college dorm throughout America, how many students are getting freaky-deeky? Sex really isn’t that big of a deal. There’s not much reason to go off the hinges and feel embarrassed. What’s wrong with getting some? I mean think about it, most college students who aren’t are wishing they were so don’t be too hard on anyone. Don’t Get Angry with Your Roommate If you didn’t leave some signal or note on the door then how is it their fault that they walked in on you at the exact wrong moment just as you were about to climax? They were clueless. Now, if the sex is overtly loud and everyone else in the dorm knew what was going on but people still barge in and ruin things, that’s another story. Regardless, there’s no reason to get angry because there really hasn’t been any harm done. Think about the Other Person’s Feelings Too! You’re not the only one in an awkward situation. Remember that the person you’re getting it on with may have reservations. If they want to hide and are taking the situation seriously, you need to respect that because they might not think it’s a joke at all. Do your best to get your roommate out of the room and give the other person time and space to collect their thoughts/things and split out the window if need be. Talk with Your Roommate Maybe now would be a good time to set down some ground rules. Signs might not be a good idea because they invite pranks and distractions from passersby in the halls. Perhaps you could develop a special knock or something that will let both of you know when the room is being occupied for special reasons. Once everything is out in the open, it will be easier just to let them know you plan on getting some and they’ll avoid the room for an hour. What If Your Roomy is into the Other Person? All is fair in love and war, especially in a transitional place like college. However, you have to share a room with this other person and this could lead to hardcore drama. Try at all costs to avoid a huge loud altercation because that’s going to attract way too much attention. Can they be reasoned with? Can it be talked about later? If you have to just get dressed as quickly and calmly as possible and exit the situation until your roomy has time to think it over. If all else fails you can get a different roommate or the college will likely have a trained mediator come in and try to fix the problem between the both of you. The point is, the drama is not worth turning into a huge time-sink. Don’t Make a Spectacle of the Experience As a rule of thumb it’s best to exercise discretion afterwards. Don’t go around talking about it. Don’t try to be the coolest freshmen in town. Don’t make it a topic of conversation for months on end. It’s bad form and once word gets around that you’re a talker, no one else is going to want to get busy with you in your dorm room. So, let’s hear it, have you been caught in the act in college? If so, how did you react? We’re all dying to listen to the story and perhaps employ your methods if the need arises.

Theories 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theories 1 - Essay Example This theory would assist me as a leader to use their thoughts on discernments, perceptions and the feeling portrayed by nurses through their behaviors (McEwen & Wills, 2014). This theory would assist a leader to implement the shared leadership council by identifying the distressful factors that nurses face in providing healthcare. Self-care is an immensely challenging process and is greatly affected by the experience, skill, motivation and capability of the patient. A patient with prior experience with self-care can identify the patterns that offer pertinent prompts and propose anticipated results linked to certain reactions. On the other hand, skill and capability of the patient is necessary for self –care (McEwen & Wills, 2014). This is because patients under self-care need to be able to plan, set objectives and make decisions (McEwen & Wills, 2014). Conversely, it is imperative to determine the factors that may drive the patient to attain their goals. In this case, it would be necessary for the nurse to determine whether the patient would change their behavior in order to attain their prearranged objective (McEwen & Wills, 2014). Therefore, it is essential for nurses to evaluate the patient’s willingness and ability to self-care before giving them

Porter's Model of National Competitive Advantage Essay - 1

Porter's Model of National Competitive Advantage - Essay Example Porter's Diamond of National Advantage Corporate strategies are ever increasing and thus have to be observed from a global context. This is because, even when an organization has no plans to import or to export commodities directly, the management staff has to gaze at the international business environment, where the actions of buyers, sellers, competitors, and new entrants of providers of alternatives may have an impact on the domestic market. Through this trend, information technology can be reinforced. Michael Porter’s model that allows for the analyzing of why some countries are more aggressive than others are, and the reason why some industries within countries are more aggressive than the way others are. All this is written in the book he published titled â€Å"The Competitive Advantage of Nations†. From the insight revealed in his writings, his representation of determining factors in national advantage has come to be known as Porters Diamond. This model proposes that the nationalized home base of a business plays a considerable role in determining the scope to which it is expected to achieve a competitive advantage on an international level. This home base presents basic factors that may support or hinder businesses from creating advantages in international competition (Held and McGrew 2001). ... Michael Porter makes out four determinants. These are: Factor Conditions When it comes to factor conditions, a country can create its own essential factors such as skilled labour and a strong technological base. It should be noted that the reserve of these features at a given time is not as much important than the degree that they are improved and implemented. Local demerits in features of production drive better innovation. Unfavorable circumstances such as labor shortages or inadequate raw materials may force organizations to come up with new methods, and this originality often goes ahead to a national comparative advantage. Demand Conditions There are situations when the market for a certain product is bigger locally when compared to foreign markets. In this situation, the local organizations give more attention to that commodity than foreign organizations do, thus leading to the element of competitive advantage as soon as the local organizations start exporting the commodity in q uestion. From this understanding, it becomes clear that when there is a high demand in the local market for a particular commodity, a national advantage results. In the spirit of good business, a strong, trendsetting local market can help local organizations look forward to global trends (Salvatore, 2002). Related and Supporting Industries In every industrial process there are always supporting and related industries. This leads to the element of competition between these industries. In the local setting, supporting industries are sometimes competitive, and thus organizations enjoy additional innovative and cost effective inputs. The suppliers get an additional advantage if their businesses are set up in a global

Freud vs. Jung Essay Example for Free

Freud vs. Jung Essay Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung: similarities and differences in dream analysis Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung are two renowned psychoanalysts who contributed great work to the interpretation of dreams. Carl Jung began as a student of Sigmund Freud, but upon their first interactions he had doubts about the basis of Freud’s work stemming from a purely sexual nature and leading to his sexual (McGowan, 1994). Jung was greatly influenced by Freud’s dream work involving the resistance of interpretation of dreams, and used this basis of knowledge to help create his own theory regarding dream interpretation. Freud and Jung’s dream interpretations took different approaches as to the underlying cause of dream or the intended purpose of the dream: finality and the collective unconscious versus causality and they also used any acquired information in the interpretation differently. Freud’s dream analysis and interpretation focused gravely on wish-fulfillment and Jung’s interpretation focused on searching for solutions from within the dream. Although their dream interpretations vary, they did share two major similarities in their work: the value and benefits of dream interpretation in therapy and the importance of the patient-therapist relationship. ?Freud placed sexuality at the core of human beings and made use of the human eros to shape the format of conversation where we would reach out beyond and attempt to change even the most fixed structures of our psyche, because even though we have our own ways of changing in response to certain conversations, we tend to view the world in a relatively constant sense. He called this conversation psychoanalytic (Lear, 2005). Freud believed that dreams point beyond their superficial meaning to reveal sources of desire deep within the dreamer. He attempted to formulate a systematic method of uncovering hidden meanings of dreams which not only enables us to understand them but to do something about them (Lear, 2005). In order to completely understand the meaning of a dream it is essential to understand the manifest and latent content of the dream and how that content is related in regards to the dreamer. The manifest content is what the dreamer remembers upon waking up and is the surface meaning of the dream. Freud also regards the manifest content as an answer on internal stimuli. The latent content of the dream is the hidden meaning of the dream (Lear, 2005). Dream-work is the process by which the dream is put together and if the understanding of a dream is going to potentially be therapeutic then it cannot be just a theoretical understanding of how the dream was constructed. It must be a practical understanding of the dream as it extends itself into the waking life (Lear, 2005). Freud also introduced the concept of dream censorship which refers to a process of disguise and distortion of things within the dream that are viewed as painful or otherwise seen unacceptable to the dreamer. Resistance arises due to the dreamer’s censorship which preserves the deformed dreams even once the dreamer wakes up. Resistance also occurs when a dreamer has parts missing or they cannot or will not remember certain parts of their dream. This resistance is a sign that a conflict is present and wants to be expressed. Freud also believed that dreams are a way to obtain wish fulfillment, usually that of suppressed sexual wishes. These wishes are internal stimuli that become a visual hallucinatory fulfillment within the dream. The dream activity is not just an expression of a wish, but it is also gratification (Lear, 2005). Freud used three principles when interpreting dreams. The first principle states that the dream interpretation must take the context of the dreamer’s life into account which includes consideration of the content of the dream, characteristic and circumstances of the dreamer and how the content fits into the overall life of the dreamer (Lear, 2005). The second principle states that the dream interpretation must be holistic which means that analyses of individual parts of the dream must be interpreted as they relate to the dream as a whole. For example, dreaming of something as specific as falling, going bald, etc. will not always mean the same thing because they are not fixed symbols and individual meaning will greatly depend on the dreamer (Lear, 2005). Finally, the third principle states that the ultimate authority of the meaning of a dream is the dreamer. The meaning of the dream should be given by the dreamer and the process of discovering the meaning should only be facilitated so the dreamer is able to determine the meaning of the dream for their self (Lear, 2005). These three principles display the notion that Freud was not only concerned with the interpretation of dreams, but the self-interpretation by the dreamer. The dreamer must say what their dream meant and do so by explaining how the dream fits into their lives as a whole and why it matters (Lear, 2005). Jung called the relationship between the unconscious and conscious the collective unconscious. He believed that the role of the unconscious is to act compensatorily to the conscious contents of the moment. The conscious acts rationally and it’s compensated by an irrational unconscious, but the rational attitude is not natural for the mind. If the mind is forced for too long to act rationally, it eventually gives way and the unconscious contents are able to get back into the conscious. There are two types of contents in the unconscious: personal unconscious contents which include painful thoughts, unpleasant memories and undesirable personality traits of which a person prefers not to remember. Jung viewed these problems of the personal unconscious as a distraction from the true conflict. The second type of unconscious is the collective unconscious which contains all of the legends and myths of human kind as well as the inherited and ominous. Dreams and fantasies are filled with â€Å"primary propensities of forms of thought and feeling and everything about which men are universally agreed or which is universally understood, said, or done (McGowan, 1994). Dreams present messages of symbols and warnings from the collective unconscious attempting to reach consciousness. Jung believed that dreams reflect the dreamer’s life situation until the dreamer decides to become concerned with it. According to Jung, the initial dream which occurs the night before therapy is thought to have significance because the act of attending therapy can produce a strong impulse for the appearance of the dreamer’s conflict and can even provide solutions for the conflict, possible obstacles, and even a final result. He placed special importance on the repetition of certain dreams, especially those in which the dreamer deals with the same conflict but from different perspectives. The sequence of events in the dream is also important in understanding the meaning of the dream. Jung developed a theory on the structure of dreams and most importantly is the end of the dream because the dreamer is unable to consciously influence the outcome or change the end of the dream and thus reflect real situations. Jung believed in two kinds of dreams which were classified based on the information presented initially by the dreamer: favorable which offered the best solutions to solving conflicts and unfavorable which were viewed as a warning sign (McGowan, 1994). Both Freud and Jung believed that there was value in discussing and determining the role of dreams in therapy. Jung believed that dreams illustrated a specific problem of the dreamer and also solutions to resolve the problem. They both agreed that dreams are a way of expressing a conflict for the dreamer. Freud believed that the manifest content of the dream was a way to answer the desire of the internal stimulus and Jung believed that dreams warn dreamers about internal processes that may be neglected during conscious thought. The analyst’s purpose is to help the dreamer find the internal conflict that led to the manifestation of the dream, as well as to help the dreamer aware of the conflict and recognize any significance to their life. Freud and Jung agreed that there is significance in the patient-therapist relationship and therefore the impact on the interpretation of dreams. They agreed that in order for a dream interpretation to take place the dreamer but provide their full cooperation, actively participate, and hold nothing back (Lear, 2005). Although Jung was a student of Freud, he influenced Freud’s dream analysis based on his associations experiment. Jung proved that a dreamer’s associations which are any ideas that the dreamer thinks of when describing certain parts of the dream are essential to understanding the underlying content of the dream. In order to correctly interpret a dream Jung believed the analyst must know the dreamer’s current situation in life and Freud believed it was necessary to evaluate the dreamer’s psychological background. Although, they may have used different words to describe essentially the same thing, they agreed that once the analyst has determined a potential meaning for the dream they must also determine its relativity and connectedness to the dreamer’s life. Ultimately, Freud and Jung believed that there was significance to the interpretation of dreams in therapy due to the belief that dreams are a representation of conflicts and also the importance of evaluating a dreamer’s associations to determine the underlying meaning of the dream (Lear, 2005). While Freud and Jung had similarities in their dream analysis, they too had many differences. Freud’s interpretation of dreams focused on what the underlying cause of the dream was and that dreams are a representative way of acting on internal stimuli which represented unsatisfied wishes (Lear, 2005). Jung was not concerned with the causality of dreams but the purpose of dreams and their intended effects on the dreamer. He interpreted dreams based on his belief in the second type of unconscious content: the collective unconscious which stated that all dreams essentially have fundamental meanings or certain characteristics for common reactions to situations. For example, someone who lost someone close to them who displays their grief openly has a fundamental meaning that causes others to express pity for them. Jung also believed that dreams presented a parallel to the conscious in that it is nearly impossible to think of anything else when dealing with a conflict and searching for a solution and that dreams allow this process to continue automatically (McGowan, 1994). Another major difference between Freud and Jung was how they used information gathered during the interpretation of dreams. Freud viewed dreams in the sense that they represented a conflict, or suppressed unsatisfied wish that needed to be answered whereas Jung’s focus was on searching for solutions to conflicts that were already expressed within the dream. Despite their differences in theory and interpretation of certain aspects of dreams, both Freud and Jung were able to make great strides in their works with dream analysts and leave behind invaluable information for other psychoanalysts to grow and develop from. Their continual placement of high importance on the patient-therapist relationship and the value of dreams in therapy have continued to be of importance to those who have studied their methods. Their differences in approach to determining the cause and or purpose of the dream and the acquisition of information interpretation layed the foundation for other psychoanalysts to explore, expand, and dispute their theories, thus furthering the APA’s body of knowledge regarding dream analyst. References Lear, J. (2005). Freud. (pp. 18-19, 90-115). New York City, NY: Routledge Publishers. McGowan, D. (1994). What is wrong with Jung. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.

Sexual Frustration in Alfred Hitchcocks Rope Essay -- Rope Film Analys

On May 21, 1924, two highly intelligent university scholars from Chicago, Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold, executed their highly-calculated plan for the cold-blooded murder of a distant relative of Loebπs, 14-year old Bobby Franks. As students of Nietzscheπs philosophy, Loeb and Leopold had set out to commit the ≥perfect murder≤ in order to actualize the belief that they were of an elite group, superior to the common man, to whom the standard moral code did not apply. So infamous is the story of their murder and eventual detainment that it has become entrenched in American popular culture, with numerous books and films aspiring to recreate it in vivid detail. Amongst these, Alfred Hitchcockπs Rope (1948) stands out as an exemplary achievement both in its cinematic technique as well as its carefully executed plot, which exposes the psychological decomposition of the two murderers as their deed is gradually discovered. However, the aspect of the r eal case that is not explicitly addressed in the film as a result of the censorship codes at the time, but one of the primary reasons that Hitchcock was initially attracted to the project, is the homosexuality of the two young men, a factor which becomes pivotal to a Freudian interpretation of the film. It is the shifting and complicated dynamic between their aggression and, more fundamentally, their frustrated homosexual desires which explains the depravity of their actions. Strewn throughout Rope are many indications that underlying the ostensible story of a murder are unfulfilled homosexual desires of such an intensity that the dialogue and actions of Brandon and Phillip, the names of the two murderers in the film, unintentionally ... ...oing so without danger. If the loss is not compensated for economically, one can be certain that serious disorders will ensue≤ (742). Because society prevented them from gratifying their erotic instincts, the boys had to find other means of maintaining their psychic equilibrium, which, in their case, brought with it only deadly results. References: Freud, Sigmund. "Civilizations and Its Discontents." The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1989. Linder, Douglas O. ≥The Leopold and Loeb Trial: A Brief Account.≤ Famous American Trials. 1997. November 2, 2004. Rope. Dir. Alfred Hitchcock. Perfs. James Stewart, Rupert Cadell, John Dall. Videocassette. Warner Brothers & Transatlantic Pictures, 1948.

My Theory of Human Nature Essay

It is human nature to treat other people, animals, and yourself in different ways depending on how you feel, experiences you have had, and your upbringing in life. From the way that people act you can group people into different categories. These categories are based off people’s culture, economic situation, and values and faith. Throughout my life and especially this semester of college I have witnessed people treat other people, animals, and themselves considerately, inconsiderately, fair, unfair mean, kind, destructive, and prudent. I am not sure what made these people treat these things in that way, but each person has their own reason on why they did it. In this essay I am going to talk about examples of how people treated animals, people, and themselves in different ways, different ways you can group people, and if people are born the way they are, or molded into the person they are through their upbringing. A very common thing in today’s society is inconsiderate people and a more rare thing are people that are considerate. It used to be common manners to do simple things that made you be considerate, but as time has passed many people have become more inconsiderate. During this semester I have witnessed many people act inconsiderately and considerately towards others and themselves. I see examples of inconsiderate people and considerate people everyday, whether I am walking to class, trying to sleep, or just sitting in my room. On example of this is the most common and easiest way to be inconsiderate. I see this when I am walking to class and someone goes into a door ahead of me and they do not hold the door open for me and instead just let it slam in my face. Another example is when I was in Chicago my friend Josh Rainer was sitting in a seat on the train and an elderly lady got on the bus and instead of asking her if she wanted his seat he stayed seated and the elderly lady had to stand up. Along with the inconsiderate people in society there are considerate people. Simple tasks like my friend introducing their friends to me is an example of a considerate thing that I have witnessed this semester. Finally this week Dr. Monaco asked my class is we would rather have a take home final or an in class final. A little considerate task like this changed the whole week for many of us students and took stress off of us. So even if you are having a bad day going out of your way to do something considerate for someone else could change your day and that person’s day for the best. Unfair people and fair people have been around forever and always will be. People are unfair for many different reason, whether it is because they feel like they need to have an advantage, or they dislike the person they are being unfair to, or many other reasons, but we see these types of people in our everyday lives. Along with this people are fair because they feel like it is the right thing to do, they like the person, or for other reasons, but we also see these people in our everyday lives. During this year of football I saw coached treat players unfair everyday. Eddie Pope is a player on my football team and just because he was out of shape the coached would not let me participate in team sessions. He was only allowed to participate in individual sessions because they did not want him taking up time. Another example of people being unfair is seen in the work place. At my moms work my mom, Debbie Graves, and one of her co-workers, David Brookfield, have the exact same job and credentials, but he gets paid more than she does and more opportunities than she does. This is seen all the time in the work place whether is because of sex or race. While we see many unfair things everyday we also see things that are fair. Everyday in my dorm room I witness people being fair. I see it when people take turns playing the Xbox and sharing food and drinks with each other. Finally many people believe that life is not fair and they are always getting cheated, when in reality life is fair it is all about the effort you put into it. People know that they should be kind and that being mean can hurt people, but they still decide to act that way. In our lives we have been mean and kind and have also witnessed other people being mean and kind. During this semester this has been the easiest thing to notice. In the locker room during football I witnessed people being mean to each other everyday. Whether it was name-calling, fighting, or just taking things from each other. An example of this is Quentin taking different freshmen’s game pants until he finds the pair that he thinks fits the best. Many players on the teams call my roommate, Dominic, names about because he is over weight. People do kind things everyday whether they want to make somebody’s day better or are just kind person. My parents send me cards in the mail for no reason, but to tell me they love me and hope I am having a good semester. Kate complements different people everyday just to put a smile on their face and make their day better. Finally these are examples of people that I have witnessed being kind and mean throughout the semester. When people are self-destructive and prudent they usually harm themselves and can sometimes harm others. These are things that I have not witnessed as much as the others things that I have talked about. My roommate Zach is self-destructive by his money spending habits and studying habits. He is self-destructive in these ways because in the long run these will hurt him because he will become poor and could fail classes if he does not change them. Examples of people being prudent that I have witnessed is my roommate Scott. He plans ahead and when shopping looks for discounts to save money. These things are acts of being prudent because he is looking out for the well being of him and these things will help him out in the long run. Finally people think that being self-destructive and prudent have to be things that will hurt you right then and there, but really they are things down the road that will help or hurt you. Philosophers question is every human is alike or not. I believe that every human is not alike, but quite different. Humans act in different ways because of things that they have experienced, the way that they were brought up, how they feel, what they know, and may other reasons. Not all humans have experienced the same thing, were brought up the same way, feel the same way about things, have the same knowledge, or are the same in other ways. How can humans be all be alike of this is the case? Finally humans may have the same features or look the same, but their nature is not all alike. Human nature is different from person to person, but it is similar enough between certain people that you are able to group humans in to different groups by how they act. I came up with three different groups that I can group people into. These groups are by culture, economic status, and values and faith. I chose these groups because these groups are distinct things that make their human nature different. I chose culture because where you grow up and how you grow up shape you into what you will be and how you will act. People that all grew up under the same culture will have similar human characteristics in nature. Economic situation is the same way. People that grew up in a wealthy family are going to act the same and have the same tendencies, while people that grew up poor are going to have different tendencies because of how they grew up. An example of this is that wealthy people will take more things for granted and be more inconsiderate about what they get, while poor people are going to be more considerate about what they get. I also picked values and faith as groups for humans because when you grow up your parents teach you their values and faith. If a kid grows up learning about God and learns to always be kind, fair considerate, and prudent they are going to act differently than someone that grew up in a family that did not teach about God and taught their kid that it did not matter if you were inconsiderate or considerate, unfair or fair, mean or kind, and self-destructive or prudent. Some people believe that humans act the way they do because of their upbringing while other believe that humans act the way they do because of genetics, but I believe that humans act the way they do because of only their upbringing. Every human is born with different traits from their parents, but these traits are not what will make them who they are when they are adults. The things that their parents teach them, where they grow up, and how they grow up is going to be the final molding process for how they will act when they are adults. The environment that they grow up in, the things that they experience when they are growing up, and the values that they learn are what is going to make them act the way they will when they are adults. Finally even though they are born with traits of their parents these traits are not what will make them act in different ways. The way they will act is learnt through their lives. Finally as the semester passed and I learnt more about ethics and philosophy I decided that Aristotle came closest to the truth as I saw it. He agrees that humans are born with traits, but these traits are not what make us who we are as adults. â€Å"Virtue, then, being of two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectual virtues in the main owes both its birth and its growth to teaching (for which reason it requires experience and time)†(Denise Nicholas Sheldon 28). This supports how we are born with some traits, but these traits are not we act how we do. It is the experience and time that make us the way we are. Aristotle also agrees how nature is what molds us into who we are as adults. â€Å"Neither by nature, then, nor contrary to nature do the virtues arise in us; rather we are adapted by nature to receive them, and are made perfect by habit† (Denise Nicholas Sheldon 28). This also supports how nature is not what makes us who we are. It is the morals our family teaches us and nature is only what molds those teachings. Finally traits like intelligence is not what makes a human act the way he does when he grows up, but it is the things he learns that does. â€Å"For in speaking about a man’s character we do not say that he is wise or has understanding but that he is good tempered or temperate† (Denise Nicholas Sheldon 28). In conclusion I believe that humans do not act the way they do because they are born with these traits, but they are molded from different experiences in their lives, the environment they grew up in, and the family values they are taught. Humans are not all alike, but they can be grouped together into three different categories, culture, economic situation, and values and religion. Work Cited Denise, Theodore Cullom, Nicholas P. White, and Sheldon Paul Peterfreund. Great Traditions in Ethics. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008. Print.

Study of Consumer Attitudes to Drinking

CONSUMER ATTITUDES TO DRINKING – UK – AUGUST 2010 – Consumer Usage – Market in Brief ? There are opportunities for both the on- and off-trade to take advantage of consumers’ willingness to try different drinks. As cocktails are associated with bartender knowledge, skill and theatre of serve, there is scope for the pub industry to differentiate and for manufacturers to replicate, as already seen by Bacardi’s Mojito mixed drink, now complete with branded packs of ice cubes at Tesco. Internal marketing Environment UK alcohol consumption has been in decline since 2004 but penetration levels are still high as drinking is deeply ingrained in the British culture. What People Drink and How Often Although alcohol consumption is down in the UK, consumers are increasing their drinking repertoire, with cider now ranked alongside the lager, wine and spirits categories. Rose benefits from appealing to all age groups and the much sought-after younger demographic, something the red and white varieties have failed to do. ? Rose wine has managed to do what white and red wine have been trying to do for years: appeal to the younger demographic. While it is not as popular a drink as the other wine flavours, white spirits or cider, rose has the advantaged in appealing almost equally to every age group, from 18-24-year-olds to the over-55s. ? Lager has been drunk by the most people (60%) over the past 12 months and is the largest market in terms of volume sales (see Internal Market Environment). ? Lager drinking remains largely male-dominated, with three quarters of men drinking lager in the last year compared to 40% of women, while the opposite is the case for white and sweeter-tasting rose wines, which women tend to prefer. Choice differs by age Figure 17: Types of alcohol drunk in the last 12 months, by age, August 2010 Base: 838 internet users aged 18+ ? Over a third of women, however, drink alcohol less than once a month or never drink alcohol. Interestingly, and in contrast to reports in the media, the highest proportion of people who never drink alcohol is amongst the 25-34-year-old age group, followed by 18-24-year-olds. ? According to Mintel’s On-trade Soft Drinks – UK, December 2009 report, women are much more likely than men to drink soft drinks in the on-trade and are opting for healthier and somewhat more expensive drinks when they do so. There are several barriers to women drinking alcohol, including health and social mores. Mintel’s Understanding Drinking Occasions and Unlocking Potential Customers – UK, August 2009 report found that almost a third of women would be encouraged to try a new alcoholic drink if it were low in calories, suggesting that brands, retailers and pubs need to d o more to inform health-conscious customers that lower-ABV and -calorie alcoholic drinks exist, both in the off- and on-trade. Factors influencing drinking habits: ? The social dimension is important when drinking alcohol, with over half of consumers drinking when catching up with friends. This is a universal factor of why people drink, being a key reason for over half of men and women and typically most important to 18-34-year-olds, although this is still high for the over-35s and across almost all socio-economic groups. Social beings Figure 24: Net difference* between any agree statements on drinking alcohol, by gender, June 2010 Base: 1,701 internet users aged 18+ who have drunk alcohol in the last 12 months * this is worked out by subtracting the percentage of female drinkers agreeing with each statement from the percentage of males. For example, 65% of female drinkers said ‘I don’t like running a tab as I can lose track of how much I’m spending’ compared to 58% of men, therefore giving a score of +7 percentage points. Source: GMI/Mintel Key analysis: While sharing pitchers of beer is common in the US and larger beer glasses pervade the European Continent (e. g. 1-litre beer steins in Germany), in the UK the defining consumer drinking behaviour is the buying of rounds. What is probably most peculiar with buying rounds of drinks is the fact that friends or family are able to request whatever drink they like, regardless of price or type, in the (usually) safe knowledge that the gesture will be returned. More could be done to encourage customers to share their knowledge of favoured drinks when buying rounds, therefore acting as brand ambassadors by driving word-of-mouth recommendations. Drinking Habits Among 18-24yr Olds – UK – June 2010 – Drinking in Context ? Findings in this report indicate that both young men and women feel under considerable pressure to drink to excess, even if they do not like the taste or the experience of getting drunk. While this is more pronounced among men, who are trying to fit in with masculine norms, a sense of social pressure to drink is also common among women. This causes greater internal conflict for them, as women are not only constrained by negative gender stereotypes of getting drunk, but they are also much more sensible about the potential detrimental health problems that alcohol abuse can cause. However, women aged 18-24 are most influenced to not drink by their ego rather than concerns about their health, with the prospect of putting on weight being the single most influential factor in their not drinking alcohol. However, despite this they are just as likely to binge drink as men, although they are less likely to be extreme binge drinkers. As a rule they prefer sweeter-tasting drinks; they are almost three times as likely as all adults to drink pre-mixed spirits (also known as alcopops or alcoholic ready-to-drinks); as well as being much more likely to drink cider and spirits which mix well with soft drinks and in cocktails, such as white rum, bourbon. ? The choice of drinks for 18-24s is influenced by alcohol being such an acquired taste, meaning that younger drinkers prefer sweeter drinks which disguise the raw taste of alcohol. For example, a major finding from Mintel’s Wine – UK, June 2009 was that wine was attracting many more consumers once they reached their mid-thirties onwards, and a main reason for this was that it takes people a while to develop their drinking palates, alongside a greater propensity to drink at home. ? Recently rose has started to attract younger drinkers put off by the negative baggage surrounding alcoholic ready-to-drinks (ARTDs), but it is the brands with higher sugar content, rather than dry roses which are leading the charge. Cider has been one of the few alcoholic beverages to see its sales volumes increasing yearly over the past five years. It has benefited from being re-invented by the Magners ‘on ice’ concept. This appealed to younger drinkers and women by highlighting its refreshment and fresh, fruity taste, in particular for summer occasions (see Cider – UK, November 2008). Few people understand how easy it is to binge drink†¦ Binge drinking is defined according to government guidelines as: * for women, drinking six units of alcohol or more in one session (ie two large glasses of wine) Flavoured Alcoholic Beverages – UK – October 2007 – Market in Brief * Young women have traditionally been the target for FABs and certainly the profile of those that drink them at least once a week still reflects that, for both on- and off-trade drinkers. The regular FAB drinker is more likely to be female, single and less affluent. * There is still some appeal among older women (25-34) who perhaps started drinking when FABs first appeared on the market, although it’s more likely these consumers are drinking less than they use to. Some women have been attracted to the new innovations in lower-calorie FABs, however, the research shows there is a growing need to develop the category as these consumers are looking for a more sophisticated drink. SWOT Strengths * Consumer demand for more refreshing drinks with lower alcohol levels. * Growing interest in fruit-flavoured drinks. * A large proportion of consumers occasionally drinking FABs providing an opportunit y to increase frequency. * Increased NPD in this market. Government campaigns on units should alert consumers to lower strength than is perceived. * A willingness from retailers to develop the category via premiumisation. Weaknesses * Fall in the number of consumers drinking alcohol as healthy lifestyles take hold. * Poor image associated with the category with underage consumers and binge drinkers. * Continued price pressure from supermarkets. * FABs’ unsuitability to developing on-trade occasions such as food-led. Lack of premium offering appealing to over-25s. * For a market in decline focus on young women is limiting the appeal and targeting requires a broader audience. * Increased competition from cider and lager offered in premium-style bottles. * Declining availability as increased options in premium drinks such as lagers, ales and ciders and soft drinks squeeze shelf space both in supermarkets and bars. Drinks Market 2008 Key Note Alcoholic drinks worth an estimated ? 41. 6bn

Free Essays on Rappaccinis Daughter

The Garden of Good and Evil (Rappaccini’s Daughter) Rappaccini’s daughter is a deeply symbolic story. It contains many references to mythology and other works. However, I would like to address the story of Rappaccini’s Daughter, the fable of Giovanni and Beatrice as an analogy of Adam and Eve. Also, another interpretation of the story is worth notice: three men and a woman. All three men have their purposes for and judgments of Beatrice. All three men project corruption on an innocent, and imbue her with evil that really does not exist within her. On the surface, the analogy to the Bible is clear: Rappaccini as God, Giovanni and Beatrice as Adam and Eve in the Garden, Baglioni as Satan, lurking around trying to act upon and influence the characters in the Garden. The tree of life and death, the eternal fountain of purity flowing. However, the parallels to the biblical Garden of Eden can also be determined as quite the opposite of their equivalents in the Bible. Instead of a tree of life; the shrub of death. Instead of the innocent companions; fearful accomplices. Instead of a benevolent God; a malevolent Father, his bent purposes imposed on the innocent and unsuspecting inhabitants of the Garden. The garden and its central highlight, the purple flowered shrub, resembling the Garden of Eden and the Tree of Life, are the central scheme around which the story revolves. The shrub is at once enticing and forbidding, beautiful yet dreadful. The same terms are applied to Beatrice, â€Å"What is this being? Beautiful shall I call her, or inexpressibly terrible?† (1753) In Giovanni’s dream, â€Å"Flower and maiden were different, and yet the same, and fraught with some strange peril in either shape.† (1750) The ruined fountain, with the water still gushing forth, lies in the background and is used by Beatrice to water the bush. Its ceaselessly flowing purity is used to nourish the venom... Free Essays on Rappaccini's Daughter Free Essays on Rappaccini's Daughter In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter†, Professor Pietro Baglioni characterizes Dr. Rappaccini as both a man and a scientist. There a passages that describes Baglioni’s opinion of Rappaccini on pages 52 and 53. Baglioni dislikes Rappaccini. He does not agree with his methods in science. Baglioni states â€Å"the truth is, our worshipful Dr. Rappaccini has as much science as any member of the faculty-with perhaps one single exception-in Padua, or all Italy; but there are certain grave objections to his professional character.† Baglioni seems to agree that the methods of Rappaccini are not what would be considered ethical. Baglioni also says that â€Å"But as for Rappaccini, it is said of him-and I, who know that man well, can answer for its truth-that he cars infinitely more for science than for mankind.† Obviously Baglioni has spent some time with the Dr. and does not car for him. He seems to disagree with Rappaccini in many if not all aspects of his life. Baglioni’s opinion is concreted on page 53, where Baglioni states â€Å"He would sacrifice human life, his own among the rest, or whatever else was dearest to him, for the sake of adding so much as a grain of mustard seed to the great heap of his accumulated knowledge.† Baglioni believes that Rappaccini is selfish and that he will do nothing but to further himself, and he will hurt anyone he needs to, even his own daughter.... Free Essays on Rappaccini's Daughter The Garden of Good and Evil (Rappaccini’s Daughter) Rappaccini’s daughter is a deeply symbolic story. It contains many references to mythology and other works. However, I would like to address the story of Rappaccini’s Daughter, the fable of Giovanni and Beatrice as an analogy of Adam and Eve. Also, another interpretation of the story is worth notice: three men and a woman. All three men have their purposes for and judgments of Beatrice. All three men project corruption on an innocent, and imbue her with evil that really does not exist within her. On the surface, the analogy to the Bible is clear: Rappaccini as God, Giovanni and Beatrice as Adam and Eve in the Garden, Baglioni as Satan, lurking around trying to act upon and influence the characters in the Garden. The tree of life and death, the eternal fountain of purity flowing. However, the parallels to the biblical Garden of Eden can also be determined as quite the opposite of their equivalents in the Bible. Instead of a tree of life; the shrub of death. Instead of the innocent companions; fearful accomplices. Instead of a benevolent God; a malevolent Father, his bent purposes imposed on the innocent and unsuspecting inhabitants of the Garden. The garden and its central highlight, the purple flowered shrub, resembling the Garden of Eden and the Tree of Life, are the central scheme around which the story revolves. The shrub is at once enticing and forbidding, beautiful yet dreadful. The same terms are applied to Beatrice, â€Å"What is this being? Beautiful shall I call her, or inexpressibly terrible?† (1753) In Giovanni’s dream, â€Å"Flower and maiden were different, and yet the same, and fraught with some strange peril in either shape.† (1750) The ruined fountain, with the water still gushing forth, lies in the background and is used by Beatrice to water the bush. Its ceaselessly flowing purity is used to nourish the venom...

How to Get ACT Scores, Step by Step

How to Get ACT Scores, Step by Step SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips So you've recently taken the ACT. Congratulations! But now you are probably wondering when and how you will be able to see your ACT scores. Where can you see your ACT scores? Read on to learn when ACT scores become available and how to check your ACT scores online. NOTE: Looking for ACT scores from before Spring 2008 or forgotten your ACT ID? Then you should check out our article on how to get old ACT scores first! When Do ACT Scores Come Out? Your ACT scores will be posted on the official ACT, Inc. website a few weeks after you take the test. They will not be emailed to you directly, so you'll have to access your scores yourself by logging on to your ACT account. Multiple-choice scores are usually available 10 days after the test, with your Writing scores added on about two weeks later (for exact dates, see our article on when ACT scores come out). Note that your Writing score will take a bit longer since it's being graded by actual people and not machines. // All ACT scores should be posted eight weeks after the test date at the very latest. (Your ACT scores could take a bit longer if you live outside the US or Canada.) Be aware that there is no way to speed up or prioritize your test scoring. The priority report option on the ACT website refers to sending scores to colleges- not getting a faster score report. Colleges will not be sent your ACT scores until the full report (including your Writing score, if you took the ACT with Writing) has been processed. How to Get Your ACT Scores: Step-by-Step Guide Now that you know when ACT scores come out, how can you actually see your ACT scores? Here is a step-by-step guide to teach you how. First,log on to your ACT Web Account; using the user ID and password you created when you originally signed up for the ACT. // If you forgot either your user ID or password, use the "Forgot User ID?" or "Forgot password?" links to retrieve your account info. Once you log in, you'll be taken to your ACT Student home page, where you will see a summary of your test registration dates. Click on "Your Test Dates And Scores" in the left column to get to your ACT scores: Next, you'll see a table with the date(s) you took the ACT, the type of test you took (ACT or ACT Plus Writing), and a link to view your scores. (Incidentally, you'll also see any test dates you signed up for and later cancelled, such as my September 2009 test in the screenshot below.) Click on "View Your Scores" to be taken to your ACT scores page: You will then be prompted to enter your password one more time. Don’t worry, it’s the same one you used before! Finally, you'll arrive at your ACT scores page. // On this page, you'll see your composite ACT score (out of 36), your section scores, and your subscores. The subscores are useful in that they give you detailed information about your subject area performance. Unfortunately, unlike with the SAT, with the ACT you won't get to see your exact raw scores. (For more information about how the ACT is scored, see our article.) If you click on the "Download student score report PDF" link, you'll get a PDF report with even more detailsabout your percentile scores, potential areas of improvement, and other pieces of information you can use to boost your ACT score! What to Do Once You Get Your ACT Scores Once you've seen your scores, the first step you should take is to determine whether you met your ACT goal score or not. Even if you didn't, were you pretty close to it, or pretty far from it? Your answer to this question will help you decide whether you should retake the ACT. // For example, if you were aiming for a 30 but got a 24, it'd probably be in your best interest to retake the test. In this case, be sure to focus on improving your weaknesses in your prep. On the other hand, if you were aiming for a 32 and got a 31, you might be satisfied with these results and decide not to retake the ACT. If your score is lower than you wanted it to be and you don't have time to retake the exam, you should definitely put in extra effort into making your college applications as strong as possible. Try to keep up your GPA and write a great personal statement so you can give yourself your best shot at getting accepted to college. Recap: How to Get ACT Scores This is pretty much all there is to getting your official ACT scores. Once again, you will not receive a score report by email or snail mail, so make sure you have your user ID and password ready to go the day your ACT results are scheduled to come out. In addition, once you've seen your ACT scores, take some time to determine whether they are high enough for your schools as well as whether you want to retake the exam or not. // What's Next? You've seen your official ACT scores. Now, the important question is what you should do with them. Should you retake the ACT? Figure out whether you should in our three-step guide. What's a good ACT score? Discover your target score using our expert guide. Still debating between taking the ACT and SAT? Learn which test is easier and get tips on how to choose the right one for you. Unhappy with your ACT scores? PrepScholar might be the program for you.We guarantee an improvement of 4 points on your current ACT score, or your money back. We have the industry's leading ACT prep program. Built byHarvard grads and SAT full scorers, the programlearns your strengths and weaknessesthrough advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our no-commitment 5-day free trial today: //

Questions in marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions in marketing - Coursework Example Acceptance of the existence of factor outside the control of the business helps organizations to keep an open mind regarding the uncertainties that exist. Through roper strategic planning firms are in a better position to make these uncertainties work in their advantage. Contemporary theories of management also emphasize on the unavoidable factor of change and uncertainty that affects organizations in every part of the world. The true strength of a business lies in ensuing that it is well-equipped to face any unforeseen challenge that it could encounter. The environmental domain consists of elements that affect an organization (Covin & Slevin, 1989). It broadly includes five areas of focus namely: Competition, customers, resources, laws and political system and technology. The competition establishes market trends and it is imperative that an organization is aware of the upcoming trends so it can match or surpass its competitors offering. The customers affect the demand side of an organizations offering and plays a significant part in shaping the structure pod demand patterns that the company can expect. By studying the customers’ organizations also get an idea regarding their needs so that they can modify their offering to suit the demands of its target market. Resources refer to organizational assets that are limited and need to be utilized at their optimum level. It is the job of the managers to decide the best approach to utilizing their raw materials and human resources in a way that makes them efficient and not exploite d. One of the most important factors for the environmental analysis is the study of the laws and political systems of the country it operates in. Globalization has made it imperative for firms to outsource many of its function, spanning the dynamics of this factor to even the countries it outsources its components or processes from. For example, Nike made use of

Module 2 SLP Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 2 SLP - Coursework Example MWPVL is an awesome website that contains financial data for industries across Europe and America. It offers insights of the forces of demand and supply in various industries in these regions by reviewing how each of these entities influences supply of commodities to the market and price determination strategies employed respectively. The food industry is among the few industries that are reviewed in the website thus the significance of this particular reference. This source is vital for this analysis as it contains consumer related information ranging from consumer behavior to buying patterns in the food industry and specifically with Kraft foods as the case firm. It formulates data of the current patterns in consumer demand and preferences and how buyers influence the prices. It is basically a financial analysis of Kraft food that refines all information within the business environment of this firm. In the internal report, the section of substitute products in the market is covered thus proving information that will be handy to assist us in our review. That notwithstanding, it has a pool of information about competition that the firm is facing from rival business organizations that are offering substitute products. However, it fails to provide a conclusive analysis of the level of threat that substitute products pose to Kraft foods. YouGov SixthSense is an insider report that refines the market position of Kraft foods in the industry. It provides information on market segmentation among the major players together with the strength of each firm in controlling major decisions that affect the entire food industry. The issue of competition in the food market in America has been analyzed in detail thus making it a worthy source. Carnegie Research Inc. (2009). Kraft Foods Inc.: A Guide for Selling and Increasing Sales at Kraft Foods Inc. Legal and Regulatory Issues. Retrieved from

State Court System In Indiana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

State Court System In Indiana - Essay Example The trial courts consists of (from the lowest to the highest level) city or town courts, it is county courts, superior courts and circuit courts (Indianacourts, 2009). City or town courts can be created by local ordinances meaning local law. They handle minor offenses, namely infractions, misdemeanors and city ordinances. Most commonly, this is where traffic matters are handled (Court Reference. 2009). Since city or town courts are not courts of record, their proceedings are not recorded. Hence any appeal from these courts to superior or circuit courts, they are trialed as if they are appearing for the first time at these higher courts. At present, there are 48 city courts and 27 town courts in Indiana with Avon, Carmel, Jamestown, and Plainfield as a few examples (Indianacourts, 2009). County courts handle contract (disagreements over written and oral agreements), tort (such as personal injury cases, perhaps from a car accident), and landlord/tenant cases where the damages do not ex ceed $10,000. Class D felonies, misdemeanor and infraction cases and violations of local ordinances are cases county courts hear. A small claims division is also available in county courts (Court Reference. 2009). Floyd, Madison, and Montgomery counties are the only Indiana counties that still have a county court system while the rest are upgraded to superior courts. Superior courts have general jurisdiction, and so all civil and criminal cases can be heard. Where no county court system exists minor offences and small claims are heard. The General Assembly divided Indiana into circuits, or areas based on county lines. Indiana has 92 counties, and 88 of these counties have their own circuit with their own circuit court. The remaining four small counties in southeastern Indiana (Dearborn, Jefferson, Ohio, and Switzerland counties) have been combined to form two circuits with two counties in each circuit. Circuit courts heard all civil and

Tourism In Mecca Tourism Essay

Tourism In Mecca Tourism Essay Mecca is a holy place of Muslims in Saudi Arabia where it is believed that the prophet Muhammad lived and taught more than 1,300 years ago. Mecca is the holiest city in Islam. Mecca had become an important place in the history by the time when Prophet Mohammed (peace is upon him)  was born in about 570 AD. Mecca, the holy place has fallen with yearly ebb and flow of pilgrims as a result of growing Muslim community in the World and eventually the spread of Islam. The economic status of the city greatly depends on the large number of pilgrims visiting every year and their accommodation, feeding and transportation. (Ahmed Z.U. 1992). Millions of Muslims visit Mecca every year to make a religious pilgrimage on the eighth through thirteen days of Dhu al-Hijjah, which is the last month of the Muslim year.   This religious tourist activity or the journey is called the Hajj which signifies one of the Five Pillars of Islam (Memish Z.A. et al 2002). The Islam counts on all the Muslims that once in their lifetime they are expected make this journey if they are physically and financially able.   There is an enormous crowd of the participants in the Hajj. The plan to Hajj starts months or even years before. Makkah, the holy area or otherwise known as the haram is a place where any type of violence is not permitted. The word haram has a dual meaning as forbidden and sacred and is a symbol of purity. It is the main Muslim Mosque. The Grand Mosque is at the centre of Makkah and the sacred Zamzam well inside it. In the central courtyard of the Mosque is The Kaaba, whereby all Muslims face when they pray. Traditionally, Pro phet Adam (AS) built the Kaaba which was later rebuilt by Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his son Prophet Ismael (AS), as a replica of Gods house in heaven. Muslims considers The Kaaba as the most holy spot on earth. It has been taught in Muslim legend that the shrines are built by the ancient religious patriarchs Ibrahim and Ishmael using foundations which were first laid by Prophet Adam AS. Prophet Mohammed (peace is upon him) was born in Makkah and was descended with the Holy Quran, and since then the propagation for Islam was launched. In the heart of the city is the Holy Mosque in the centre of which the Holy Kaaba is located, The Maqam of Prophet Ibrahim, his son Ismaiels stone (May God bless them), Zamzam well in which water has been pouring from hundreds of years, and Safa and Marwah where Muslims make Saie. There are other holy shrines of Mina, Muzdalifa, and Arafat near Makkah. Arafat is located at the Mount Arafat where pilgrims perform the main ritual of Hajj as the day of Arafat. Hajj is scheduled according to the lunar calendar and so moves 11 days earlier each year on the Gregorian calendar. Due to seasonal variation over time, the Hajj occurs at different times each year (Yamin M. et al 2009). It becomes difficult in summers as the temperatures in Saudi Arabia are very high. Unlike other Saudi Arabian cities, Mecca retains its warm temperature in winter, which can range from 17  Ã‚ °C at midnight to 25  Ã‚ °C in the afternoon. Summer temperatures are considered very hot and break the 40  Ã‚ °C mark in the afternoon dropping to 30  Ã‚ °C (86  Ã‚ °F) in the evening. Rain usually falls in Mecca in small amounts between November and January. Tourism at Mecca Mecca, the holy city in Saudi Arabia is believed to be the centre of the Islamic world. The journey to Mecca as the Hajj is popular to the Muslims all over the world but the Mecca travel is forbidden for non-Muslims. There are billions of people coming to Mecca for Hajj from all over the world. The Hajj in Mecca is the largest pilgrimage in the world. The Mecca city is Saudi Arabia is increasingly called Makkah. It is similar to the pronunciation of the Arabic word than does the English translation called Mecca. Non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the premises of Mecca, Saudi Arabia at any time of the year due to the fact that the Mecca travel and the Hajj are only intended for Muslims. It has happened in the past that several non-Muslims have entered Mecca; the penalties of it are quite harsh including deportation and jail time. Tourism in Mecca involves some advance planning. There is a special visa required by every Muslim who wishes to make the pilgrimage to Mecca. There is a valid visa required to enter the Hajj grounds. In case of Saudi citizens, permission is necessary. The foreign pilgrims intend to perform Hajj applies for a visa by furnishing information and undergoing some medical examination. The visa is granted by Saudi government by approval of the Hajj management in Saudi Arabia. Each pilgrim is assigned to a group of Hajj management called Munazzim once their visa is granted. Munnazim is responsible for their travel and accommodation arrangements in the Hejaz (Yamin M. et al 2009). In addition, a letter from the local mosque stating that the person is a Muslim is also required. Women who are under 45 years of age must travel with a male or a mahram considered being the head of the family. There should be a proof of their relationship. On the other hand, women over 45 years of age must carry a permission letter from her husband or her father along with the proof her being a part of the Mecca tourism group. The visa to travel Mecca does not permit to travel outside of Mecca and if anyone wants to travel other cities, they must apply for additional visa. The pilgrimage to Mecca commence at the Jeddah airport, a large city in Saudi Arabia. As the tourism in Mecca is very popular during the Hajj month, there are two special terminals for the people arriving to Mecca. There are direct bus services from the airport to Mecca Saudi Arabia. On arrival to the city of Mecca, the Muslims have to follow traditional rituals, called Umrah. These traditions should be followed by all the pilgrims. The rituals that are acted out in the incidents of the Quran are relatively hard to perform or rather complex and takes about a week. It is important that the pilgrims must wear the traditional pilgrimage clothing followed by a walk in the region of the Kaaba in a counter clockwise direction several times. After this ritual, next comes Saey which factually means run whereby the pilgrims walk back and forth between the hills of Safa and Marwah, the region where the wife of Prophet Abraham ran recklessly in search of water for her son. It has been written in Quran that there is a fountain that appears between the hills (Ahmed Z.U. 1992). Other rituals during the Hajj include going to Arafat. This is the the place where Mohammed gave his final sermon. The ritual is followed by drinking water from the Zamzam well which is inside the Great Mosque. It is believed by all the Muslims that their God provided water to Hajar and Ismail at this well when they were strolling in the desert. These two people are the central figures of Islam. Mecca travel is a meaningful once-in-a-lifetime experience for all the Muslims. Tourism issues There have been many tourism issues in Mecca that arise during the Hajj period. Many incidents have happened during the past years causing loss of hundreds of lives. It is estimated that there are 1.4 billion Muslims in the World and each one must visit Mecca for pilgrimage at least once in his or her lifetime if they can. It is all the way very hard to manage millions of people in Mecca during the month of Hajj. Crowd Stampede Stampedes are likely to occur at the Hajj because of the huge crowd and an extraordinary pressure. The individuals may stumble thereby precipitating an entire stampede. Massive crowds walking from one place to the other place of the pilgrimage, cause a stampede. There is a panic when the pilgrims jostle to avoid being trampled resulting in hundreds of deaths. For example, the ceremony of stoning the Devil is very crowded and dangerous and so can result in serious crowd accidents. The following incidents occurred due to massive crowding at the Hajj. 2nd July, 1990 Arafat plains of Hajj: A stampede inside a pedestrian tunnel leading out from Mecca towards Mina, Saudi Arabia and the Plains of Arafat led to the deaths of 1,426 pilgrims. 23rd May, 1994 270 pilgrims were killed in crowd during the stoning of the Devil. 9th April, 1998 Incident at Jamarat Bridge where 118 pilgrims died and 180 were injured. 5th March, 2001 During the ritual of stoning the Devil, 35 pilgrims were trampled to death. 11th February, 2003 14 pilgrims died in a rush during the stoning of the Devil ceremony. 1st February, 2004 251 pilgrims were killed and 244 people were injured in a stampede during the stoning ceremony in Mina. 12th January, 2006 346 pilgrims were killed and more than 289 were injured in Mina on the last day of the Hajj while performing the ritual ramy al-jamarÄ t. Diseases Disease spread is also a tourism issue in Mecca. This could be explained on the fact that there are millions of people from many countries visiting Mecca, of which some of them may have poor health systems, leading to the spread of epidemics. If there is a disease outbreak during the Hajj, this could make the problem worse when they returned home and passing the infection on to others. There have been such incidents in the past where the disease has spread among the pilgrims causing severe health problems. One such disease, called meningitis has been given a prompted response from the Saudi government. There were many concerns about the disease after its international outbreak at Hajj in 1987. Due to these global outbreaks of certain types of meningitis in previous years, it is now a visa requirement to be immunised with the ACW135Y vaccine before arrival. Every year, the Saudi government publishes a list of required vaccines for pilgrims, which for 2010 also includes yellow fever, p olio, and influenza. Trauma and other fatal events The word Hajj defines movement. There is a lot of chaos in transportation during the Hajj. The pilgrimage moves on foot in dense traffic for hours at a time. During the Hajj season in Mecca, there is inordinate traffic congestion. Other issues in tourism are fire incidents that happened in previous years. December 1975 Fire due to explosion a gas cylinder in a tent resulted in the death of 200 pilgrims. 15th April, 1997 Fire in a tent in Mina killing 343 pilgrims and 1,500 injured. In order to prevent such dangerous incidents, the kingdom has replaced all the tents and the tents are now fireproof with a variety of which are made up of aluminium frames with fibreglass. The risk of fire is now considered much lower (Memish Z.A. et al 2002). Tourism management Management in Mecca during the Hajj, handling millions of people during a specific month is not an easy task. The officials of the government of the Saudi Arabia should have done more to prevent such catastrophes. It is claimed by the government of Saudi Arabia that such massive crowd are very dangerous and difficult to manage, and that they have taken a number of steps to prevent problems. There are improvements of touristic facilities at Jeddah, Mecca and Madinah. There have been number of steps undertaken to overcome the hurdles and the incidents in the past. One of the controversial significant steps in action inculcates new system of registrations, passports, and visas to control the mass flow of pilgrims. This system intends to encourage and accommodate visitors travelling for the first time to Mecca, while restricting repeat visits. Such a system was protested by the pilgrims who have the desire and wishes to perform the Hajj several times and they have been biased about this system, but the Hajj Commission has stated that they see no substitute if further incidents and disasters are to be prevented. As a result of the stampede in 2004, there have been concerns and considerations by the Saudi authorities. The authorities have aboard a big construction work in and around the Jamarat Bridge area. Additional access ways, footbridges, and emergency exits were built, and concrete walls were designed to replace the three cylindrical pillars allowing more pilgrims to have a simultaneous access to them without fighting for position and deprived of crowd. A multi-million-dollar project has been designed and put into action by the government to expand the bridge to five levels. For crowd management, many organizations are using RFID chips to track and monitor people and products. This high technology is an effective way of identifying and helping people in urgent situations (Yamin M. et al 2009). These RFID carry some PDA (readable data) which can be used for medical emergencies and for reporting lost pilgrims with their groups. The device should be linked to the event database so as to facilitate the retrieval and updates as and when required. The disease spreads and recent outbreaks of H1N1 virus (swine influenza and bird flu) have made the crowd management more challenging. For the management of diseases, as mentioned earlier, there are set of medical examinations and immunizations to be undergone by the pilgrims to be registered in the event database. Therefore, the management of Hajj can be sum up in three phases. Phase one is about the necessary planning to organize Hajj and to intend pilgrims before departure to Saudi Arabia. Second phase refers to the Hajj process whereby different management steps are undertaken to control the issues in way of the Hajj process and the last phase directs to the measures undertaken to facilitate smooth return of pilgrims to their respective destinations.