State Court System In Indiana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

State Court System In Indiana - Essay Example The trial courts consists of (from the lowest to the highest level) city or town courts, it is county courts, superior courts and circuit courts (Indianacourts, 2009). City or town courts can be created by local ordinances meaning local law. They handle minor offenses, namely infractions, misdemeanors and city ordinances. Most commonly, this is where traffic matters are handled (Court Reference. 2009). Since city or town courts are not courts of record, their proceedings are not recorded. Hence any appeal from these courts to superior or circuit courts, they are trialed as if they are appearing for the first time at these higher courts. At present, there are 48 city courts and 27 town courts in Indiana with Avon, Carmel, Jamestown, and Plainfield as a few examples (Indianacourts, 2009). County courts handle contract (disagreements over written and oral agreements), tort (such as personal injury cases, perhaps from a car accident), and landlord/tenant cases where the damages do not ex ceed $10,000. Class D felonies, misdemeanor and infraction cases and violations of local ordinances are cases county courts hear. A small claims division is also available in county courts (Court Reference. 2009). Floyd, Madison, and Montgomery counties are the only Indiana counties that still have a county court system while the rest are upgraded to superior courts. Superior courts have general jurisdiction, and so all civil and criminal cases can be heard. Where no county court system exists minor offences and small claims are heard. The General Assembly divided Indiana into circuits, or areas based on county lines. Indiana has 92 counties, and 88 of these counties have their own circuit with their own circuit court. The remaining four small counties in southeastern Indiana (Dearborn, Jefferson, Ohio, and Switzerland counties) have been combined to form two circuits with two counties in each circuit. Circuit courts heard all civil and

Tourism In Mecca Tourism Essay

Tourism In Mecca Tourism Essay Mecca is a holy place of Muslims in Saudi Arabia where it is believed that the prophet Muhammad lived and taught more than 1,300 years ago. Mecca is the holiest city in Islam. Mecca had become an important place in the history by the time when Prophet Mohammed (peace is upon him)  was born in about 570 AD. Mecca, the holy place has fallen with yearly ebb and flow of pilgrims as a result of growing Muslim community in the World and eventually the spread of Islam. The economic status of the city greatly depends on the large number of pilgrims visiting every year and their accommodation, feeding and transportation. (Ahmed Z.U. 1992). Millions of Muslims visit Mecca every year to make a religious pilgrimage on the eighth through thirteen days of Dhu al-Hijjah, which is the last month of the Muslim year.   This religious tourist activity or the journey is called the Hajj which signifies one of the Five Pillars of Islam (Memish Z.A. et al 2002). The Islam counts on all the Muslims that once in their lifetime they are expected make this journey if they are physically and financially able.   There is an enormous crowd of the participants in the Hajj. The plan to Hajj starts months or even years before. Makkah, the holy area or otherwise known as the haram is a place where any type of violence is not permitted. The word haram has a dual meaning as forbidden and sacred and is a symbol of purity. It is the main Muslim Mosque. The Grand Mosque is at the centre of Makkah and the sacred Zamzam well inside it. In the central courtyard of the Mosque is The Kaaba, whereby all Muslims face when they pray. Traditionally, Pro phet Adam (AS) built the Kaaba which was later rebuilt by Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his son Prophet Ismael (AS), as a replica of Gods house in heaven. Muslims considers The Kaaba as the most holy spot on earth. It has been taught in Muslim legend that the shrines are built by the ancient religious patriarchs Ibrahim and Ishmael using foundations which were first laid by Prophet Adam AS. Prophet Mohammed (peace is upon him) was born in Makkah and was descended with the Holy Quran, and since then the propagation for Islam was launched. In the heart of the city is the Holy Mosque in the centre of which the Holy Kaaba is located, The Maqam of Prophet Ibrahim, his son Ismaiels stone (May God bless them), Zamzam well in which water has been pouring from hundreds of years, and Safa and Marwah where Muslims make Saie. There are other holy shrines of Mina, Muzdalifa, and Arafat near Makkah. Arafat is located at the Mount Arafat where pilgrims perform the main ritual of Hajj as the day of Arafat. Hajj is scheduled according to the lunar calendar and so moves 11 days earlier each year on the Gregorian calendar. Due to seasonal variation over time, the Hajj occurs at different times each year (Yamin M. et al 2009). It becomes difficult in summers as the temperatures in Saudi Arabia are very high. Unlike other Saudi Arabian cities, Mecca retains its warm temperature in winter, which can range from 17  Ã‚ °C at midnight to 25  Ã‚ °C in the afternoon. Summer temperatures are considered very hot and break the 40  Ã‚ °C mark in the afternoon dropping to 30  Ã‚ °C (86  Ã‚ °F) in the evening. Rain usually falls in Mecca in small amounts between November and January. Tourism at Mecca Mecca, the holy city in Saudi Arabia is believed to be the centre of the Islamic world. The journey to Mecca as the Hajj is popular to the Muslims all over the world but the Mecca travel is forbidden for non-Muslims. There are billions of people coming to Mecca for Hajj from all over the world. The Hajj in Mecca is the largest pilgrimage in the world. The Mecca city is Saudi Arabia is increasingly called Makkah. It is similar to the pronunciation of the Arabic word than does the English translation called Mecca. Non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the premises of Mecca, Saudi Arabia at any time of the year due to the fact that the Mecca travel and the Hajj are only intended for Muslims. It has happened in the past that several non-Muslims have entered Mecca; the penalties of it are quite harsh including deportation and jail time. Tourism in Mecca involves some advance planning. There is a special visa required by every Muslim who wishes to make the pilgrimage to Mecca. There is a valid visa required to enter the Hajj grounds. In case of Saudi citizens, permission is necessary. The foreign pilgrims intend to perform Hajj applies for a visa by furnishing information and undergoing some medical examination. The visa is granted by Saudi government by approval of the Hajj management in Saudi Arabia. Each pilgrim is assigned to a group of Hajj management called Munazzim once their visa is granted. Munnazim is responsible for their travel and accommodation arrangements in the Hejaz (Yamin M. et al 2009). In addition, a letter from the local mosque stating that the person is a Muslim is also required. Women who are under 45 years of age must travel with a male or a mahram considered being the head of the family. There should be a proof of their relationship. On the other hand, women over 45 years of age must carry a permission letter from her husband or her father along with the proof her being a part of the Mecca tourism group. The visa to travel Mecca does not permit to travel outside of Mecca and if anyone wants to travel other cities, they must apply for additional visa. The pilgrimage to Mecca commence at the Jeddah airport, a large city in Saudi Arabia. As the tourism in Mecca is very popular during the Hajj month, there are two special terminals for the people arriving to Mecca. There are direct bus services from the airport to Mecca Saudi Arabia. On arrival to the city of Mecca, the Muslims have to follow traditional rituals, called Umrah. These traditions should be followed by all the pilgrims. The rituals that are acted out in the incidents of the Quran are relatively hard to perform or rather complex and takes about a week. It is important that the pilgrims must wear the traditional pilgrimage clothing followed by a walk in the region of the Kaaba in a counter clockwise direction several times. After this ritual, next comes Saey which factually means run whereby the pilgrims walk back and forth between the hills of Safa and Marwah, the region where the wife of Prophet Abraham ran recklessly in search of water for her son. It has been written in Quran that there is a fountain that appears between the hills (Ahmed Z.U. 1992). Other rituals during the Hajj include going to Arafat. This is the the place where Mohammed gave his final sermon. The ritual is followed by drinking water from the Zamzam well which is inside the Great Mosque. It is believed by all the Muslims that their God provided water to Hajar and Ismail at this well when they were strolling in the desert. These two people are the central figures of Islam. Mecca travel is a meaningful once-in-a-lifetime experience for all the Muslims. Tourism issues There have been many tourism issues in Mecca that arise during the Hajj period. Many incidents have happened during the past years causing loss of hundreds of lives. It is estimated that there are 1.4 billion Muslims in the World and each one must visit Mecca for pilgrimage at least once in his or her lifetime if they can. It is all the way very hard to manage millions of people in Mecca during the month of Hajj. Crowd Stampede Stampedes are likely to occur at the Hajj because of the huge crowd and an extraordinary pressure. The individuals may stumble thereby precipitating an entire stampede. Massive crowds walking from one place to the other place of the pilgrimage, cause a stampede. There is a panic when the pilgrims jostle to avoid being trampled resulting in hundreds of deaths. For example, the ceremony of stoning the Devil is very crowded and dangerous and so can result in serious crowd accidents. The following incidents occurred due to massive crowding at the Hajj. 2nd July, 1990 Arafat plains of Hajj: A stampede inside a pedestrian tunnel leading out from Mecca towards Mina, Saudi Arabia and the Plains of Arafat led to the deaths of 1,426 pilgrims. 23rd May, 1994 270 pilgrims were killed in crowd during the stoning of the Devil. 9th April, 1998 Incident at Jamarat Bridge where 118 pilgrims died and 180 were injured. 5th March, 2001 During the ritual of stoning the Devil, 35 pilgrims were trampled to death. 11th February, 2003 14 pilgrims died in a rush during the stoning of the Devil ceremony. 1st February, 2004 251 pilgrims were killed and 244 people were injured in a stampede during the stoning ceremony in Mina. 12th January, 2006 346 pilgrims were killed and more than 289 were injured in Mina on the last day of the Hajj while performing the ritual ramy al-jamarÄ t. Diseases Disease spread is also a tourism issue in Mecca. This could be explained on the fact that there are millions of people from many countries visiting Mecca, of which some of them may have poor health systems, leading to the spread of epidemics. If there is a disease outbreak during the Hajj, this could make the problem worse when they returned home and passing the infection on to others. There have been such incidents in the past where the disease has spread among the pilgrims causing severe health problems. One such disease, called meningitis has been given a prompted response from the Saudi government. There were many concerns about the disease after its international outbreak at Hajj in 1987. Due to these global outbreaks of certain types of meningitis in previous years, it is now a visa requirement to be immunised with the ACW135Y vaccine before arrival. Every year, the Saudi government publishes a list of required vaccines for pilgrims, which for 2010 also includes yellow fever, p olio, and influenza. Trauma and other fatal events The word Hajj defines movement. There is a lot of chaos in transportation during the Hajj. The pilgrimage moves on foot in dense traffic for hours at a time. During the Hajj season in Mecca, there is inordinate traffic congestion. Other issues in tourism are fire incidents that happened in previous years. December 1975 Fire due to explosion a gas cylinder in a tent resulted in the death of 200 pilgrims. 15th April, 1997 Fire in a tent in Mina killing 343 pilgrims and 1,500 injured. In order to prevent such dangerous incidents, the kingdom has replaced all the tents and the tents are now fireproof with a variety of which are made up of aluminium frames with fibreglass. The risk of fire is now considered much lower (Memish Z.A. et al 2002). Tourism management Management in Mecca during the Hajj, handling millions of people during a specific month is not an easy task. The officials of the government of the Saudi Arabia should have done more to prevent such catastrophes. It is claimed by the government of Saudi Arabia that such massive crowd are very dangerous and difficult to manage, and that they have taken a number of steps to prevent problems. There are improvements of touristic facilities at Jeddah, Mecca and Madinah. There have been number of steps undertaken to overcome the hurdles and the incidents in the past. One of the controversial significant steps in action inculcates new system of registrations, passports, and visas to control the mass flow of pilgrims. This system intends to encourage and accommodate visitors travelling for the first time to Mecca, while restricting repeat visits. Such a system was protested by the pilgrims who have the desire and wishes to perform the Hajj several times and they have been biased about this system, but the Hajj Commission has stated that they see no substitute if further incidents and disasters are to be prevented. As a result of the stampede in 2004, there have been concerns and considerations by the Saudi authorities. The authorities have aboard a big construction work in and around the Jamarat Bridge area. Additional access ways, footbridges, and emergency exits were built, and concrete walls were designed to replace the three cylindrical pillars allowing more pilgrims to have a simultaneous access to them without fighting for position and deprived of crowd. A multi-million-dollar project has been designed and put into action by the government to expand the bridge to five levels. For crowd management, many organizations are using RFID chips to track and monitor people and products. This high technology is an effective way of identifying and helping people in urgent situations (Yamin M. et al 2009). These RFID carry some PDA (readable data) which can be used for medical emergencies and for reporting lost pilgrims with their groups. The device should be linked to the event database so as to facilitate the retrieval and updates as and when required. The disease spreads and recent outbreaks of H1N1 virus (swine influenza and bird flu) have made the crowd management more challenging. For the management of diseases, as mentioned earlier, there are set of medical examinations and immunizations to be undergone by the pilgrims to be registered in the event database. Therefore, the management of Hajj can be sum up in three phases. Phase one is about the necessary planning to organize Hajj and to intend pilgrims before departure to Saudi Arabia. Second phase refers to the Hajj process whereby different management steps are undertaken to control the issues in way of the Hajj process and the last phase directs to the measures undertaken to facilitate smooth return of pilgrims to their respective destinations.

Malcolm X Essay -- essays research papers fc

Malcolm X No one really knows what kind of impact Malcolm X would have had on history if he had not been assassinated. His beliefs and philosophy did gain him a place in history as one of the best-known Black Nationalist Leaders. Everyone seems to have known who Malcolm X was, and he ranks high with all other Black leaders. His ideas were radical and he was very out spoken. He was a major force in the development of black history. He fought not only for his people but also for all oppressed people everywhere. He was well spoken and he laid the groundwork for the black power movement of the late l960’s. Malcolm X was born on May 19, l925 to Rev. Earl and Louise Little in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm Little developed his own ideas and philosophies because of the many events that took place in his life. These events mostly tragic, created the path that Malcolm would travel. His father was his main influence. He was a Baptist minister who believed in freedom and equal rights for black people. He wanted a black nation in America and went underground with secret meetings to further these ideas. Sadly, when Malcolm was six years old, his father was murdered. After the murder his mother was institutionalized and all of the children went to live with neighbors. Malcolm decided to go on with his life an attended a white school. However, he soon realized that he was still treated unequally with whites because he was black. After leaving school Malcolm eventually went to live with his sis...

Example of education because during that time Essay

In the text, Pocho, by Jose Antonio Villarreal, education plays an important role of explaining the characteristics of the immigrants during the 1930’s. Education is one way for readers to have an experience of what they have been through. During the investigation between the protagonist Richard and sheriff, Richard speaks out some words that the sheriff does not understand. Villarreal writes, â€Å" You mean homosexual? No, he wasn’t- this was a new word to the man. He was on the force because his sister had married a man who had something to do with the Chief of Police†¦ Goddamn! Where’d you learn the big word?† (Villarreal, 89). This is an example of education because here the sheriff is investigating Richard by asking him for information about Joe Pete Manoel. Richard responds with a big word â€Å"homosexual† to the sheriff that he did not understand. This is a highlight of the time period when it does not need any education to be a patrol man in Santa Clara. Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, at a school. Jose Antonio Villarreal directly mention in the texts of Richard’s thoughts about his teacher at school. During the conversation between Richard and Mary, Richard gives out his thought when the teacher does not inform the same answer from what he read on a book. Richard said â€Å"Well, the teachers teach us all kinds of things, and sometimes they’re not really honest about it†¦ sometimes I read things in books that show me teachers are wrong sometimes†¦ they cant be all right, and I don’t like them to always tell me that they know everything, that’s all†. (Villarreal, 71). This is an example of education because during that time, teacher feels like their students are not smart enough to learn two sides of the story. Richard feels that sometimes books can teach him more than what he learns at school. It highlight that during that time education is not an important aspect of the immigrant lives. During the time of 1930’s, Education is not important to most of Mexicans families. But what makes Richard so special and unique is with his intelligence and desire to learn for his own good. Education make Richard shine as a main character, instead of a twelve-year-old kid, he talks like he is an adult. Richard said, â€Å" Try to understand me. I want to learn, and that is all. I do not want to be something- I am. I do not care about making a lot of money and about what people think and about the family in the way you speak. I have to learn as much as I can†¦ you would not understand me if I could† (Villarreal, 64). This quote is a portrait of Richard as a young kid with the mentality to learn. Education helps Richard speaks for him and not what his mother wants. It highlight that even in the period of poverty, Richard’s family believe that with education, they will have a better life.

Diversity of People in United States: A Threat to U. S. Security?

I. IntroductionAs the globalization become rampant, people are migrating to and from different parts of the world. The United States (U.S.), being a well developed country in the world, apparently, different citizens from different countries and continents are trying to migrate and build their lives in the U.S.This could not only be seen in the modern days but also in the past era of the America wherein French people and African ethnics, from their migrant ancestors, are able to live now as American citizens. Being a divert country; different people are living within one geographical area. Considering that U.S. is a very politicking and powerful country, cold war and gaps with other nations are unavoidable.Along with this study, the main objective of this research is to know whether the culture of diversity in U.S. could be a threat to the national security of the country. Further, the study also aims to provide information regarding the different race and nationality of the people l iving in the U.S. Also, the purpose of the study is also to determine the implications of having U.S. citizens who are born in different places and nationalities.The study is conducted for the advantage of formulation of mitigating measures if there are negative implications showcased by the study.In addition, the study only encompasses people who are living within the geographic area of the country. It will be conducted in a specified (and short) period of time since the resources of the researchers are also limited.II. MethodologyThe research study will be using secondary data from the civil registrar and primary data through personal interviews with different professionals (e.g. demographers and sociologists) for thorough analysis of the study.The research design that the researcher will be using is the Experimental design with the combination of the Quasi – experimental design. First, the Experimental design because the study will still follow the scientific method in per forming data gathering. Second, the Quasi – experimental design will also be used because of the use of the statistics data and the adherence to lesser random research.The study will also be using cluster random sampling. This sampling method could be more appropriate with the study since subunits of the population that will be gathered will becoming from all states in the U.S. Thus, the study could have an equal representation from each cluster.The method of analysis that will be used in the study is the deductive approach or analysis. From the general information that can be gathered, each thread of details that could contribute significantly to the result of the study.Those data that are planned to collect are data of the migrants since after World War II. The numbers of the natural American citizensThe numbers of the natural American citizens will also be counted, meaning, these people are whose parents are both American citizens and born in the U.S. Also, the statistics of the different ethnic, races, and nationalities in different states will also be collected. From the national defense, some security measures will also be searched in addition to the recommendation of the study.III. Results and Discussion (Possible Implication of the Study)There could be many trends from the result and discussions of the study, if it will be conducted completely. There are numbers of implications of the study that could be shown like despite the fact that people in the U.S. are born in different places and nationality, it is not a threat to the national security of the country since the country, itself, has its own tight measure against the terrorism and any violent act to the state. Also, the study could also implies that a tighter security measure should still be implemented within for a safer lives of the U.S. citizens.ReferenceRetrieved on January 15, 2008 on Embassy of the United States database.

buy custom Fast food essay

buy custom Fast food essay Dimensions of Wellness Charles Corbin of Arizona University defines wellness as a multidimensional state of being that describes existence of positive health as shown by the individuals quality of life and a sense of well-being. Good health is important to every individual and it involves more than just good dietary habits. For a better health, there are 6 dimensions of wellness and they include social, emotional, physical, spiritual, mental and environmental health, we will explore them individually. Social wellness Human beings are social animals and thus need to build and maintain satisfying relations. To be socially well, we ought to increase our ability to interact with people and their ideas, accept and understand diverse cultural norms, enhance our interpersonal communication skills and adapt a positive image. Emotional wellness Emotional wellness is defined as our ability to accept and cope with our own feelings as well as other peoples feelings. Some of the symptoms of emotional problems like depression, anxiety or hopelessness may not be easily detected but can cause dire consequences. Physical wellness Wellness of the body refers to the compositions, functions, maintenance and functions of the body. To ensure good physical health; We should eat nutritious foods to help keep the body and mind energized. Avoid taking addictive substances Arresting earlier illness stages by having regular medical check-up and taking the right precautions Spiritual wellness Being spiritually healthy is essential for the good health of the body. Spiritual health is termed as the process of seeking meaning and purpose of life. Our personal beliefs and values, our acceptance or rejection of creation refer to the spiritual health dimension. Mental wellness Mental wellness involves the ability to develop knowledge and skills, helping us to enhance our lives. Lack of mental wellness includes depression and anxiety. Mental wellness can be promoted by good physical activity, good nutrition, reducing stress and being optimistic. Environmental wellness This entails leading a lifestyle that is respectful of the environment we live in. it involves respecting nature and everything in it and the people who live in that environment. Signs of good environment wellness include conserving energy, avoiding polluting the earth, recycling and conserving energy (National Wellness Institute). Fast food We live in a demanding fast paced life that has resulted in poor nutrition choices. Fast food has become the alternative source of nutrition that has fit into our fast paced life. Fast food is slowly becoming a staple food in American diet. Health exerts have been warning people on the effects of fast food. It is a known fact that fast food causes obesity and tiredness. I have been a victim too of fast food products and I have ended gaining 10 more kilograms and the doctor warned me that if I continued taking fast food, I risked my life. How fast food affects the above dimension wellness The National Bureau of Economic Research details how fast foods can affect our well being. Social wellness It has been found that the people who consume fast food love taking their food while watching television. Also, by advertising, media has the biggest role in promoting fast food products. The people who love fast food thus keep to themselves and watch more television instead of socializing and as a result may lack social wellness. Emotional wellness Lack of social wellness may lead to emotional symptoms like depression as these people keep to themselves too much or watch more television instead of spending time with friends. Such chronic diseases like heart diseases and cancer may increase anxiety on the individual and deprive the individual of his/her emotional wellbeing. Physical wellness High consumption of fast food can lead to many chronic diseases and complication like obesity which may result in cancer, hypertension and insulin resistance. Most of the obese people cannot enjoy physical fitness as they eat unhealthy and cannot do physical exercise. We can prevent obesity by stopping consuming fast food products and instead promote healthy eating. Spiritual wellness Seeking to know why as an individual I was brought into the world will help one seek the deeper meaning of life and ones existence. By appreciating that as an individual I was created in a unique way, we will ensure that we live a healthy life and avoid the use of toxic substances that will hamper my wellbeing. Therefore, this will mean a reduced intake or totally avoiding fast food products that otherwise may cause obese with its associated chronic diseases. Mental wellness Fast food products will most definitely cause obese. Obese people are a depressed lot due to the fact that some will develop chronic diseases. The barriers to mental wellness include physical illness complicating the physical problem. The stigma associated with obese people makes it difficult for the disorder to be rectified and will remain a barrier to reach mental wellness. Environmental wellness Being of the fast paced society, most shoppers of fast food have their products in non-biodegradable plastic shopping bags. The bags never disappear but break into small pieces and wind up in the sea killing marine life. It is vital that we consider bringing our own cloth bags when shopping (The NNational Bureau of Economic Research). To have solid guidelines for making healthier choices at fast food restaurants, we need to follow the guidelines below to assist in preventing obesity and having a whole wellness dimensional state of a quality life and a sense of well-being. Control the potion size of fast food consumed Being very careful when selecting menu Eating mindfully Ordering healthy veggies and deserts Drinking enough water with meals Reading labels always before buying fast food. Part B responsible decision making skills Plan of action Getting all the parties involved to ensure that the intake of fast food products is reduced or abolished altogether and encourage a low diet in fat but high fiber. In this way we want to eliminate obesity especially to the young generation. Barriers to reaching the goal It will be almost impossible to convince fast food chains to reduce the amount of junk that is included in their foods. We will partner with the government to impose maximum amount of fats that they can sell to an individual. Parents influence on what their children take and thus it will be difficult convincing these children that their diet is not right. We will try to explain causes and effects of being obese and use the reasons to discourage them from taking fast food products. Background research Research done by Grier et al. (2007) shows that childhood obesity has become a major concern in our society as the rates of obesity among school going children has more than doubled in the past few years. Obese is associated with some chronic diseases and thus this is a public concern. As the society searches for solutions to this problem, food marketing and especially fast food products have come under close scrutiny. Advertisements on television have been targeting these young children. Recommended fat intake Fast food contains a lot of unnecessary calories with little nutritional value. To avoid taking unnecessary fats, instead we suggest making own sweets in form of carrot cookies, trail mixes and fruits instead of taking fast food products. Nutritional meals are also essential. In conclusion, I believe that by avoiding fast foods, we will live an abundant and healthy lifestyle able to enjoy all health dimensions. We can also avoid such conditions like obese which lead to chronic diseases. Although it may be hard to convince the fast food outlets on the consequences of fast food especially on teenagers, we should try to petition the government to ensure that the outlets have a maximum output on their packages. Buy custom Fast food essay

5 English Writing Resources for Better Punctuation

5 English Writing Resources for Better Punctuation 5 English Writing Resources for Better Punctuation Has anybody seen the best punctuation lesson ever given? It was a presentation by a great pianist Victor Borge. He used different sounds for each punctuation mark, and it’s called Phonetic Punctuation. Proper Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n hÐ ¾ldÃ'• a vÐ µrÃ'Æ' Ã'•Ã'â€"gnÃ'â€"fÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °nt Ã'€lÐ °Ã' Ã µ Ã'â€"n the English lÐ °nguÐ °gÐ µ, Ã'•Ð ¾ muÃ' h Ã'•Ð ¾ thÐ °t a holiday wÐ °Ã'• founded in 2004 tÐ ¾ honor Ã'â€"t. Have you ever heard about the NÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l DÐ °Ã'Æ' Ð ¾f PunÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n? EvÐ µrÃ'Æ' 24th Ð ¾f September, buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'•Ð µÃ'•, media organizations, Ð °nd Ã'•Ã' hÐ ¾Ã ¾lÃ'• Ð °Ã' rÐ ¾Ã'•Ã'• the UnÃ'â€"tÐ µd StÐ °tÐ µÃ'• celebrate the Ð µvÐ µnt tÐ ¾ rÐ µmÃ'â€"nd people Ð ¾f thÐ µ importance of using Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n mÐ °rkÃ'• properly. WÐ µll, improving ones wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'• Ã'â€"Ã'• the buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• nÐ ¾t only Ð ¾f Ã'•tÃ'â€"Ã' klÐ µrÃ'• fÐ ¾r Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã'€Ð µr Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n but also Ð ¾f Ð ¾rdÃ'â€"nÐ °rÃ'Æ' people lÃ'â€"kÐ µ Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u. Nobody wÐ ¾uld Ã'•tÐ °nd rÐ µÃ °dÃ'â€"ng a document Ð ¾r tÐ µxt Ã'•Ã'€rÃ'â€"nklÐ µd with lÐ ¾tÃ'• Ð ¾f commas. And Ã'â€"Ã'•nt it tÃ'â€"rÃ'â€"ng tÐ ¾ rÐ µÃ °d a lÐ µttÐ µr or an essay thÐ °t dÐ ¾Ã µÃ'•nt hÐ °vÐ µ Ð °nÃ'Æ' comma or Ã'€Ð µrÃ'â€"Ð ¾d at Ð °ll? WÐ ¾rÃ'•Ð µ, Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¾r Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n can Ã' Ã ¾Ã'•t a business mÃ'â€"llÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• Ð ¾f dÐ ¾llÐ °rÃ'• in lost rÐ µvÐ µnuÐ µÃ'•. There is a number of English writing resources available to help you with punctuation. PunÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Checkers FÐ ¾r people whÐ ¾ Ã' Ã °rÐ µ Ð µnÐ ¾ugh tÐ ¾ Ð µlÃ'â€"mÃ'â€"nÐ °tÐ µ punctuation Ð µrrÐ ¾rÃ'• frÐ ¾m thÐ µÃ'â€"r wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ngÃ'•, Ð ¾nlÃ'â€"nÐ µ language Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã' Ã µÃ'•Ã'•Ã'â€"ng tÐ ¾Ã ¾lÃ'• Ã'•uÃ' h Ð °Ã'• Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n checkers can bÐ µ hÐ µlÃ'€ful. If Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u frequentlÃ'Æ' wrÃ'â€"tÐ µ rÐ µÃ'€Ð ¾rtÃ'•, presentations, Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'•Ð °lÃ'•, business lÐ µttÐ µrÃ'•, and other important documents, you can use Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ã' hÐ µÃ' kÐ µr Ã'•Ð ¾ftwÐ °rÐ µ to Ã'•Ð µÃ µ Ã'â€"f thÐ µrÐ µ are Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n errors Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u hÐ °vÐ µ made in Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur work. Grammar Books and Favorite Novels They are always great resources. You can see how punctuation is used and the books provide you with some rules that you can apply to use punctuation marks correctly in any sentence. Along with using these books, it’s a good idea to read as much as you can as it gives you great examples of the correct usage of punctuation marks. Editing and Proofreading WrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"Ã'• Ð °n art that dÐ µmÐ °ndÃ'• mastering many dÃ'â€"ffÐ µrÐ µnt Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'•. EdÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng writing, Ã' Ã ¾rrÐ µÃ' tÃ'â€"ng grammar, Ð °nd using proper Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n are some of thÐ µÃ'•Ð µ skills. Punctuation is thÐ µ least respected Ã'•kÃ'â€"ll. When wÐ µ thÃ'â€"nk of punctuation, wÐ µ may Ð ¾nlÃ'Æ' thÃ'â€"nk of punctuation marks, but Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n is much more. Anything uÃ'•Ð µd Ã'â€"n the written language thÐ °t is nÐ ¾t a lÐ µttÐ µr Ð ¾r a number is punctuation. Thus, punÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n mÐ °rkÃ'•, Ã'•Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã µÃ'• bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn words and shifts Ð °rÐ µ Ð °ll Ã'€Ð °rt Ð ¾f Ã'€unÃ' tuÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n. Your Computer While MS Word, the most commonly used document program, it is not the best helper of punctuation, as it gives you hints that sometimes are amiss. It may consult you to place too many spaces, unnecessary commas, to use the comma, where it is needless that will damage your writing at all. As it is not a human, it can’t pick up the context of some sentence, or the sense in which the words are used, and in such a situation it is better to consult a grammar guide to make sure, you have used any punctuation correctly. But still in most cases MS Word will provide you with reasonable advice. Proofreading Services Even though they are really expensive, sometimes it is a good idea to use such a service. Of course. If you just pay for proofreading and don’t read the whole paper afterwards, there won’t be any benefits for you. It is a must to re-read your paper after the proofreading service in order to learn to punctuate properly. Correct punctuation is a half-way to your success. Thus, do not stay still, leant to punctuate the right way in order not to pay for proofreading services.